试论道德理论的层次结构——兼论儒家伦理与西方伦理之比较

本文着重讨论了四种道德学派即:以休谟和斯密为代表的道德感派、以儒家为代表的良知派、以边沁和密尔为代表的最大幸福派和以康德为代表的自由意志派。并从两个方面对道德进行划分:从动机上把道德分为理性的和情感的,从层次上把道德分为功利的和道义的;进而将道德哲学的四大分野即情感主义、理性主义、功利论和道义论纳入一个统一的层次结构。与此同时,对儒家伦理和西方伦理做了较为深入的比较,揭示出二者之间的不同发展路径和互补格局。

On the Hierarchical Structure of Moral Theory——A Comparison Between Confucian Ethics and Western Ethics

We mainly discuss four schools of moral theory:moral sense school represented by Hume and Smith,conscience school represented by Confucianism,greatest happiness school represented by Bentham and Mill and free will school represented by Kant.Morality can be classified into the rational and the sentimental from motivation,and be classified into the utilitarian and the deontological from the layer.Then,the four basic branches of moral philosophy,namely sentimentalism,rationalism,utilitarianism and deontology,can be incorporated into a unified hierarchical structure.Meanwhile,we make a comparison between Confucian ethics and western ethics,and show that the two ethics have been developing along different ways and having a complementing relation to each other.