社会语用距离、话语礼貌与翻译中的礼貌原则

礼貌是一种社会文化现象,也是人际交往的基本准则。话语是交际双方特定社会语用距离的反映,话语礼貌取决于交际双方对交际语用距离推断的一致程度及后起的应对策略。交际语用距离在动态语境中推断和确定并随交际因素的改变而改变,话语礼貌具有相对性、动态性和可协调性。翻译应当重视语用距离与话语礼貌的关系、语言选择对话语礼貌策略的影响,明确话语礼貌拟定的相对性、动态性和可协调性,力图实现礼貌对等。

Pragmatic Distance,Discourse Politeness and the Politeness Equivalence in Translation

Politeness is a socio - cultural phenomenon and one of the basic guidelines for human interaction. Language is a sign of social pragmatic distance between participants and politeness at the utterance level is determined by the uniform approximation of the pragmatic distance in communication predicting and the ensuing adjusting strategies. Utterance politeness is calculated and determined in the process of communication and it changes with the ongoing of communicative variables. Therefore, utterance po- liteness is characterized by relativity, dynamic and negotiability. Translation studies should attach great importance to the rela- tionship between pragmatic distance and utterance politeness, the influence of wording on politeness strategies. Furthermore, the characteristics of utterance politeness contribute a lot to politeness equivalence in translation. Key words ： pragmatic distance ; po- liteness principles ; dynamic context; translation;