我国场域内的反贫困逻辑:基于多维理论视角

贫困的复杂性与多变性为不同研究视角提供了理论构建与实践检验的时空场域。围绕着贫困的性质、动因及治理形成了各具特色但又相互关联的研究理路:"经济溢出"视角将贫困视为低水平的发展,认为区域经济的增长能够通过涓滴效应提高民众的收入水平,带动该区域整体实现反贫困;"社会公平"视角将贫困视为对受贫者的不平等待遇,从群体的自身素质及社会网络中寻找贫困的动因与治理方式;"政策实践"视角则将贫困视为政府公共物品的供给不足,从扶贫政策的项目内容、瞄准机制与资金绩效等环节对反贫困政策实践进行绩效评估与改进修正。基于上述视角的评述,这里提出一个可谘反贫困本土化研究的新理论视角,即"国家治理"视角,建议从扶贫理念、制度安排和官僚组织运行三个层面观察国家所构建的"反贫困"社会改造工程,探索扶贫背后的国家治理理念、国家-社会关系以及国家组织体系。

The Logic of Anti-poverty in the Field of China： Based on Multi-dimensional

the complexity and diversity of poverty provides a field for different research perspective to build their theory and practice examination. There are distinctive and related theory regarding the nature,cause and governance of poverty. The approach of economical spillover treats poverty as low-level development and regards that the growth of regional economy will increase people＇s income and lead the whole region to shake off poverty. The approach of social equality sees the poverty as the unequal treatment and tries to seek the causes and countermeasures from the poor themselves and the social network where they are. The approach of policy practice deems poverty to be lack of public goods and attempts to do the assess and improvement in the content,aiming mechanism and financial performance of poverty alleviation policy. Based on the commentary of those three approaches above, we will propose a new theoretical approach of national governance, which attempts to observe the social transform project built by the nation from the concept of governance,institutional arrangement and the organizational operation.