“好逑”本义考

《诗经.周南.关雎》之＂好逑＂,前贤诠释众多,均无公论。本文认为＂好逑＂当释为＂喜欢的女性伴侣＂。根据如下。（1）《诗经》时代,＂仇＂与＂雠＂是同源关系,而与＂逑＂既无同源关系,亦不能通用。段玉裁、闻一多等前贤说＂逑、仇古多通用＂、＂逑、仇古通＂,是没有根据的结论。（2）＂逑＂是为＂求（裘）＂的引申义＂敛聚＂、＂女性配偶＂等造的区别字,由此＂逑＂与＂求（裘）＂构成了同源关系。《关雎》篇中的＂逑＂专称女性配偶,而不包含男性伴侣。（3）战国以后＂仇＂的词义外延扩大了,覆盖了所有的伴侣或朋友,不再专称男性伴侣或朋友,故时人引用《诗经》或有将＂好逑＂引作＂好仇＂者,由此而形成异文,尽管如此＂逑＂仍不与＂仇＂通用,＂逑＂虽能写作＂仇＂,但＂仇＂却不能写作＂逑＂。（4）国人喜欢用＂衣服＂来比喻妻子、女友。这种习俗来源久远。古人最早就用裘衣来比喻性爱中的女伴、女友,于是＂求＂和＂逑＂就具有了称呼女性配偶的词义特征。（5）《关雎》的＂好逑＂是指男人＂喜欢的女性伴侣＂,这类被喜欢的女性伴侣因久久追求而不易得手,故男人视之为＂怨匹＂、＂冤家＂,今人或称＂欢喜冤家＂,亦就是《关雎》所谓＂好逑＂。

On the Original Meaning of Haoqiu(好逑)

Many a scholar has made their own explanation on the original meaning of ＂好逑＂cited from, on which no agreement has ever been reached. We believe that Haoqiu （好逑）means beloved female partner. The reasons are as follows： 1. In the age of Shijing, ＂仇＂and＂雠＂are of the same origin, while they are different in origin from ＂逑＂ and thus not exchangeable. Such famous scholars as Duan Yucai and Wen ＂Yiduo think that ＂逑＂ and ＂仇＂used to be exchangeable in ancient times. This conclusion is not solidly grounded at all; 2. ＂逑＂ is a differential character created for the extended meaning of ＂求（裘）＂—— a female partner. Thus ＂逑＂and ＂求（裘）＂are of the same origin. ＂＂逑＂ in Guanju refers to a female partner only, excluding a male one. 3. The meaning of ＂仇＂ has been expanded since the Warning States Period, referring to all partners and friends of both sexes. Thus some people nowadays when citing from Shying, mistake ＂好逑＂for ＂好仇＂＂逑＂ and ＂仇＂ are not exchangeable. ＂逑＂can be written as ＂仇＂, but not vice versa. 4. It is an old tradition that the public intends to compare their wives and girlfriends to clothes. Ancient people used to compare their female mates and girlfriends to ＂裘衣＂, and thus＂ 求＂ and ＂逑＂are characterized with the same meaning of female partner. 5. ＂好逑＂ in Guanju refers to men＇s beloved female partners, who are not so easy to chase and so regarded by men as obsessing darling.