论爱因斯坦的两种性质不同的道德和伦理

我国学术界在对爱因斯坦的道德和伦理思想的研究和宣传中，把爱因斯坦塑造成为一个可疑的“圣人”形象，其根本原因在于研究者对爱因斯坦的道德和伦理思想的片面理解。爱因斯坦的人生经历、科学追求和哲学思想，是他的道德和伦理观念的思想背景。在爱因斯坦的道德和伦理思想中，除了他所主张的那种以“利他”为核心的道德和伦理外，还有一个他所没有意识到的以“自由”为核心的道德和伦理。爱因斯坦的以“利他”为核心的道德和伦理，与他的以“自由”为核心的道德和伦理，是两种性质不同的道德和伦理。爱因斯坦的以“利他”为核心的道德和伦理存在着先天的缺陷，因而他的以“自由”为核心的道德和伦理，是对他的以“利他”为核心的道德和伦理的合理补充。

Discussions on Einstein’s Two Kinds of Views on Morality and Ethics

Einstein is described as a suspicious image of saint in discussions about his thoughts on morality and ethnics by domestic academic circle due to their one-sided understanding about his thoughts.Einstein’s views on morality and eth-nics are based on his personal experiences,scientific pursuit and philosophic thoughts.Einstein’s thoughts on morality and ethnics not only include altruism-centered views,but also include freedom-centered ones neglected unconsciously. Einstein’s altruism-centered views on morality and ethics and his freedom-centered ones are different in nature.The for-mer has congenital defects and the latter constitutes a reasonable complement.