从西人记述看晚清厦门的日常卫生与医疗

传教士、海关管理者等记述晚清厦门的日常卫生情形大体是:气候总体上对健康有利,但也有一些气候因素不利于健康,城市公共卫生差,个人、家庭卫生意识淡薄,医疗条件简陋,传染病经常发生,人们应对疫病时多求助风水、祭拜神灵,医疗资源分布不平衡等。为改善不利的日常卫生状况、进行医疗传教、维护社会秩序和保障居民健康,西人开展了众多医疗活动:海关管理者制定卫生检疫章程,鼓浪屿工部局治理城市公共卫生、实施相关卫生规定等;教会、外国领事等创建西式医院;教会医院成立医学学校,培养医学人才,宣传疾病预防知识;医疗传教士进行疾病救治和医学研究。西方医疗卫生相关制度在晚清厦门的这些具体实践,不仅传播了西医的知识、观念和文化,促进了中西医之间的交流融汇,而且使得卫生意识逐渐融入日常生活,人们的医疗观念和生活方式得到更新和改善。

Daily Sanitation Situation and Medicine of Xiamen in the Late Qing Dynasty according to the Records of Westerners

According to the records of missionaries and tax administrators of Xiamen customs,the daily sanitation situation of Xiamen in late Qing dynasty were generally like this:the climate is generally good to health,except some climate factors;public hygiene of the city area was bad;the personal sanitary concept was thin;the medical condition was poor;infectious diseases erupted frequently;the common people usually turned to geomantic omen and gods for help when they replied the diseases;distribution of the medical resources were unbalance and so on.To improve the bad daily sanitation situation,do missionary work In medical activities,maintain social order and guarantee the people,s health,occidental carried out a series of medical activities:the administrators of Xiamen customs drew up quarantine regulations,Gulangyu Municipal Council governed public hygiene of the city area and carried out the health regulations,the church and foreign consul founded western style hospitals,the church—founding hospital founded medical science school to cultivate doctors and propagated the knowledge of disease prevention,the medical missionaries launched disease treatment and medical research and so on.These medical activities not only disseminated western medical knowledge,concept and culture,promoted the Integration of traditional Chinese medical science and western medicine but also integrated the health concept into daily life of Xiamen and renewed the common people,s medical concept and improved their life style.