近代行业纠纷解决机制理论探微——以自贡盐业纠纷解决机制为例

在中国近代的行业纠纷解决机制中,纠纷的当事人依据国家法和行业习惯法的契合,明确了行业纠纷解决中所存在的权利义务关系,并从中找出纠纷解决的合意。行业组织在一定范围之内充当了仲裁者的角色,是行业纠纷解决的主体。在这样的一个过程当中,通过国家的立法,保障了行业纠纷解决机制程序的问题,在一定程度上使行业纠纷解决由原来的注重实质正义向注重程序正义转变,提高了纠纷解决的公信力和权威性。这对当代的行业纠纷解决提供了一个可供参考的借鉴。主要实例来自于四川自贡盐业的档案、文献,盐业纠纷的解决机制实际上在近代的中国呈现出一种解决方式多元化、行业组织与地方法院互相协作、配合和注重习惯法、解纷程序的特点,不失为近代行业纠纷解决机制较为合理的一个蓝本。

Settlement Mechanism for the Modern Industrial Disputes——Taking the Settlement Mechanism of Zigong Salt Industrial Disputes for Example

In the settlement mechanism for industrial disputes in modern China, the dispute is based on the agreement of state laws and the common law, which defines rights and obligations and their relationship. The industrial organizations act as arbiters and become the subjects to some degree. In such a process, the state legislation ensures the settlement mechanism for industrial disputes, makes it change from emphasizing substantive justice to emphasizing the importance of the application of justice, improving credibility and authority of the dispute settlement. Therefore, it is referential to the industrial disputes. The cases of this paper are chosen from the archives and documents of Sichuan salt industry. The dispute settlement mechanism is characterized by diversified solutions, collaboration between the industrial organizations and the district courts and, and paying attention to the procedures of the common law. It is a reasonable blueprint for the settlement mechanism for modern industrial disputes.