美国宪法第四修正案中的"相当理由"之变迁——兼论我国刑事强制措施证明标准的完善

美国宪法第四修正案中的"相当理由"在司法实践中经历了从一元向多元的嬗变,与之遥相呼应,美国理论界也一直存在着"相当理由"究竟是固定标准还是滑动标准的论争。我国未来刑事诉讼法的修改,应借鉴美国法上的"相当理由"标准,在遵循比例原则的基础上,规定多元化的刑事强制措施证明标准的同时,建立相关的配套措施,保障刑事强制措施制度的正当化。

On the Transformation of "Probable Cause" in Amendment Ⅳ of the Constitution of the United States

In the law practices,"probable cause" in Amendment IV of the Constitution of the United States changed from the simplex means into various means. Meanwhile,in the American theories ,there is a debate whether the "probable cause" is an immobile standard or a mobile standard. The future amendment of Chinese Criminal Procedural Law should use the "probable cause" as reference,stipulate various evidential standards to implement criminal compulsory measures on the base of proportional principle,and establish the correlative safeguarding measures,in order to ensure the legitimacy of the system of criminal compulsory measures.