当前中国农村宗族及其与乡村治理的关系——对新近研究的评论和分析

在当今中国乡村研究中,宗族“重建论”与“瓦解论”同存;对宗族在乡村治理中的功能的“肯定论”、“负面论”与“中性论”同在,至今尚未形成关于宗族重建及其与乡村治理关系的清晰图像与理解。这种状况与近年来研究方法等方面的缺失密切相关。尽管越来越多的研究者已在深入田野,以抓取第一手资料,且研究的规范性增强,学术对话意识和累积意识大步提升,但多数人所作的只是个案研究,尚未延伸为多个案例的比较研究,更未有较大面积的抽样调查;既缺乏明确的分析框架和讨论标准,也缺乏深入细致的专题研究,资料收集和分析的视角也不够多样化。

Clan and village governance in today's China

Looking through all the research works concerning current situations of rural China, we find both a theory of rebuilding and a theory of collapse; as to the functions of the Clan in village governance, we find that the theory can be affirmative, negative and neutral. Numerous and confused theories all come out, and till now, people still do not have a distinct understanding of the rebuilding of clans and the relationship between clan and village governance. This status can be explained by the short of research. Though more and more researchers have been conducted with fieldwork, and the study is becoming more standard and with more academic dialogue and accumulative senses, and most of them made case studies, there is an obvious lacking in comparison among cases, a lacking in sampling surveys in full scale; the researches lack of a definite analyzing frame and a standard for discussion, fall short of a deep and detailed monographic study, and short of varied angles of vision to material collection and analysis.