女神与女从——中国文学中女性伦理表现的两极性

在女性主义视阈下研究中国文学应注重其民族特色。儒家文化精神为主导的女性伦理,是中国女性历史上主体位置缺席的“元凶”。然而,儒家伦理之于女性又呈现二律背反现象。儒家伦理的妇德将女性置于“从属”地位,儒家伦理中的孝道在中国“母性崇拜”的历史文化背景中又将作为母亲的女性推到社会主体文化表述者位置。这形成中国女性处境不同于西方女子的特殊性与复杂性,也是中国古代文学“女神”般的母亲形象与处于男性附属地位的“女从”形象两极化表现的缘由。它导致中国女性在自我意识的觉醒、自我解放的自觉性方面整体地迟钝于西方女性。

Goddess and Woman Submission——The Two Extremes Displayed by Female Ethics in Chinese Literature

Though the female ethics dominated by Confucius cultural spirit is the "prime criminal" of the female subject absence in Chinese female history,it is indeed a dilemma toward female.In the one hand,the ethics puts woman in a subordinate position;on the other hand,the filial piety in the ethics situates woman in the image of mother to the subjective position for social cultural representation.Such a dilemma may explain the unique and complex condition of Chinese female which deviated from that of Western females.The two extremes of Goddess and female submission seen in classic Chinese literature lead to the delaying of Chinese female's self-awareness and self-libration comparing with her Western counterpart.