试论湘军时代湖南社会流动的模式与特点

湘军时代是近代湖南发生剧烈变动的一个极为重要的历史时期,社会流动是最能体现这一时代变动的社会现象之一。从流向上来看,这一时期的社会流动主要有五大趋向,平民通过科举考试上向流动为绅士,农民向军队流动为下层士兵,儒生从军由军功入仕,平民由"捐纳"上升至绅士或进入官场,等等。返归故里的湘军或在地方坐拥实权,或下向流动为帮会成员。这些与其他地区特别是沿海地区比较起来,体现出了鲜明的地域特色。

On the Characteristics of Social Mobility in Hunan during the "Xiangjun Age"

"Xiangjun Age"was a dramatic alternation historical modem period in Hunan,social mobility was one of the phenomena to indicate the great changes of this period.On the flowing direction of the social mobility,there were mainly five directions which reflected distinctive regional characters of Hunan compared with other districts,especially the coast areas.