创新与固守：山西票号发展路径的两重选择

在山西票号的百余年发展中，创新与固守是其发展路径的双重选择。因地理环境和气候的特殊、政治及历史因素的偶合、创新型商业人才的蕴育等因素而促成经济文化创新，如对传统重农抑商观念的改铸、商铺改组票号、厚德重行人才培养模式和独具特色经营管理制度的开创等。然而，长期浸润于传统文化之下的票号经营者，因摆脱不了官本位和封建皇权及与生俱来的保守和排外，终使票号在固守中走向衰落。山西票号的兴衰说明，企业长期繁荣的基础是知识和创新。

Innovation and Preservation： Two Options on Developing Path of Local Exchange Banks in Shanxi

In its development of more than one hundred years,the local exchange banks in Shanxi were faced with two options:innovation or preservation.On the one hand,innovations were achieved in both economy and culture,including the change of ideas of valueing agriculture and belittling commerce,the conversion of business stores into banks,valueing morals and conducts in personnel training and the creation of a unique management system,owing to the factors ranging from the peculiarity of geographical conditions and and climate there,the coincidence of political and historical development to the cultivation of business personnel of innovation.On the other hand,under the heavy and lasting influence of traditional culture,the managers could not extricate themselves either from the impact of official rank standard and the feudal imperial power or from their innate conservation and xenophobia,which made these banks doomed to decline.The rise and fall of the local banks in Shanxi indicates that knowledge and innovation are the keys to the long-term prosperity of an enterprise.