城乡基本养老保险对老年人主观福利的影响研究——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

该文基于2018年、2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,采用Ordered probit、Ordered logit模型实证分析了城乡基本养老保险对老年人主观福利的影响,研究结果表明,参加城乡基本养老保险对提升老年人主观福利水平有显著的正向影响,并通过异质性分析得出,对年龄在80岁以下、自评健康较低、西部地区、子女数目在两个及以下、无配偶、收入较低的群体影响尤为显著。文章采用倾向得分匹配法和改变变量的方法验证了研究结果的稳健性。基于该文研究结果,建议政府持续推进城乡基本养老保险政策的实施和动态性调整,加大对弱势群体、西部地区的关注度和支持度,促进养老产业的良性发展,加强精神文明建设和医疗建设,深入探索医养结合的养老模式,全面提升老年人的主观福利。

A Study on the Impact of Urban and Rural Basic Pension Insurance on the Subjective Welfare of the Elderly: An Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS Data

Based on the 2018 and 2021 China Comprehensive Social Survey (CGSS) data, this article uses Ordered probit and Ordered logit models to empirically analyze the impact of urban and rural basic pension insurance on the subjective well-being of the elderly. The research results show that participation in urban and rural basic pension insurance has a significant positive impact on improving the subjective well-being of the elderly; this impact, via heterogeneity analysis, is particularly significant among those people under 80 years old, with lower self-rated health, living in the western region, with two or fewer children, without spouse, and with lower income. The robustness of the research results was verified by using propensity score matching method and variable changing method. Based on the research results of this article, it is recommended that the government continue to promote the implementation and dynamic adjustment of urban and rural basic pension insurance policies, increase attention and support for vulnerable groups and the western region, promote the healthy development of the elderly care industry, strengthen spiritual civilization construction and medical construction, deeply explore the elderly care model that combines medical care and elderly care, and comprehensively improve the subjective welfare of the elderly.