“空间、空间生产”五问——对张之沧教授几个观点的质疑

既然空间是物质的存在方式,它就不可能具有主观性、意识性,也不可能是精神的存在方式。先在的、外在于人类实践的自然空间不可能是人创造的。我们在改造自然的同时,也改变了自然事物的原有空间形式,新的空间形式是适合于人类生活的。但我们不能创造物质本身,只能改变物质的具体形态,因而,我们也不能创造空间本身,只能创造具体事物的空间形式。社会存在是物质的高级存在方式,社会存在的空间形式可以称之为社会空间。但"社会空间"不表示这种空间具有社会性。社会存在包含着自然存在,不是自然存在的存在是非存在。社会空间实际上是社会存在的自然物质基础具有的空间形式。空间是物质的自然属性而非社会属性,"社会空间"不具有社会性。空间的生产只是生产的一个方面,不能用"空间生产"的概念代替"物质生活资料的生产"和"生产方式"的概念,应当从生产方式来理解人类历史和帝国主义、霸权主义在空间上的扩张、争夺。

Five Questions about Space and Spatial Production——My Discussion of Some Viewpoints from Professor Zhang Zhichang

Space cannnot own the characteristics of subjectivity and consciousness and it cannot be the form of spiritual existence if we confirm that it is the form of material existence,which is taken as the dialectical materialistic space concept.The natural space,which is preexistent and external to human practice,cannot be created by human beings.While we are transforming the nature,the original spatial form of natural things is also changed.The new spatial form is suitable for human life.But the nature itself cannot be created,and what we can change is only the concrete form of matter.The space itself cannot be created,What we can do is just change the spatial form of specific things.Social existence is the advanced existing way of matter.The spatial form of social existence can be called as social space,but social space does not mean it owns sociality.It is social existence that contains natural existence.The existence which is not natural is non being.Social space is actually the spatial form of the natural material based social existence.Space is a material nature but not the social attribute."Social space" does not own sociality.Spatial production is just one aspect of production,and the concepts of "production of material subsistence" and "production mode" cannot be replaced by the concept of "spatial production".Human history and the imperialist,hegemonistic expansion and tussles in space can be comprehended from the "production mode".