新实验主义:观点、问题与发展

新实验主义进路首次挑战了传统的"观察负载理论"的观点,使得科学实验重新进入科学哲学的视野。它打破了理论优位的科学哲学传统,重新认识了实验与理论的关系,在科学实在论上的观点有助于建构实践的实在论。但是,新实验主义有其自身的缺陷:论证和强调实验有自己多种的独立生命,并没有表明理论也有自己的生命;力图从证明实验具有更基础的地位的观点出发证明实验与理论可以二分,并不能证明一切实验都与理论二分;虽然把实际的实验之细节带入到科学说明中,但仍然囿于传统科学哲学的表征主义说明框架中;其向逻辑实证主义的部分回归也影响了科学哲学家对新实验主义的认识。这些问题的存在为科学实践哲学的发展提供了基础。

Study on the New Experimentalism

The approach of the new experimentalism challenges the view that all observation statements are theory-loaded,and makes the scientific experiment attract the attention of philosophers of science.This article probes in the developing status of the approach of the new experimentalism,focuses on analyzing its major problems and how the philosophy of scientific practices develops it.At last I try to prove that the new experimentalism is a bridge status from the traditional philosophy of science to the philosophy of scientific practices.