“唐宋之争”与朱彝尊、查慎行宋诗观探赜

明清文学流派纷呈,各流派或宗唐,或崇宋,围绕尊唐尊宋、唐诗宋诗孰优孰劣等问题产生诸多争议,唐宋之争成为明清文学史上一大公案。朱彝尊的诗学观主要是尊唐黜宋,以唐诗为源为正为盛,以宋诗为流为变为衰,呈现出的是一种传统的源流正变的文学史观,强调伸正黜变。晚年其对宋诗态度虽有所缓解,但仍认为宋诗不能成为诗坛主流。查慎行与朱彝尊有表亲关系,两人经常诗文唱和,在对待宋诗问题上,查慎行不同于朱彝尊,朱彝尊认为唐宋诗是继承关系,查慎行对唐宋诗的认识则经历了一个比较长的变化过程。最初,查慎行认为唐宋诗是继承关系,后来逐渐认识到宋唐诗是并列关系。查慎行改变了长期以来所流行的以唐论宋模式,提出唐宋互参的模式,对后世产生很大影响。此外,与朱彝尊排斥宋诗不同,查慎行以宋诗为尊,诗学苏轼、陆游,尊宋而不废唐,兼法唐宋,以高超的创作成就使浙诗派呈现出独特的宋诗特质。

Exploration of Zhu Yizun and Zha Shenxing's View of Song Poetry

Various schools of literature alternate frequently in Ming and Qing Dynasties,many of them honor either Tang poetry or Song poetry.In the meantime,which one is better has become a subject of controversy and it is a long-lasting issue in the history of Ming and Qing literature.The poetic view of Zhu Yizun is mainly to honor Tang Poetry but degrade Song Poetry.He elaborates a traditional literary historical theory of originchanges,with Tang poetry as source,orthodoxy and prosperity while Song poetry the oppos...