交易成本的空间异质性与城市体系形成演化机理研究

城市从本质意义上理解是集聚化交易的空间秩序或制度,城市体系的形成受到城市间制度竞争的影响.作为制度分析的重要概念,本文引入交易成本来分析城市的体系演化,并以“长三角”城市体系为例进行了实证分析.文章认为,城市体系的形成是制度竞争和生产力进步的结果,很大程度在交易成本的空间异质性与运输成本之间交互作用中得到反映.受此影响,城市体系一般经历离散发展阶段、城市体系发展期和城市体系成熟期,并且随着交易成本空间异质性的深度演化,城市体系也将经历从“低水平均衡—不均衡—高水平均衡”的周期性的反复演变.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Transaction Cost and the Evolution Mechanism of Urban System

City is a spatial order or institution of agglomerated transaction in essential sense,institution competition among cities will influence the formation of urban system.As a key concept of institutional analysis,the paper introduced transaction cost to analyze the evolution of urban system and conducted empirical analysis with the example of the urban system of Yangtze River Delta region.The results show that the formation of urban system is the result of institution competition and productivity progress,which is also reflected in the interaction between spatial heterogeneity of transaction cost and transportation cost in large extent.Affected by this,urban system went through discrete,developing and mature stages,and deeply developed with spatial heterogeneity of transaction cost,the urban system will also develop repeatedly and periodically via low level equilibrium,disequilibrium and high level equilibrium.