| 三皇五帝解读 |
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| 引用本文： | 许顺湛. 三皇五帝解读[J]. 重庆文理学院学报, 2011, 30(6): 1-8 |
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| 作者姓名： | 许顺湛 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南博物院, 河南 郑州 450002 |
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| 摘 要： | 根据古籍记载研究,三皇及其顺序应该是伏羲、燧人、神农。伏羲是渔猎时代的代名词,燧人主要是由于钻木取火、击燧取火而得名,神农是早期农业的代名词。五帝当以《史记》所载黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜较为合理,它们都不是原名,而是代表部族、邦国的名称,把邦国名称人格化,成为世袭领袖的名称。五帝之名是人名、是世袭首领名、是部族、邦国名,也是一个时代之名。《纬书集成》中的《易纬稽览图》和《春秋命历序》把五帝视为若干世的时代名称,或者说是一个族团、一个邦国的名称,是比较合理的。五帝分别与中原新石器时代文化对应,可考虑：黄帝时代文化为庙底沟类型文化、大河村类型文化;颛项时代文化为中原龙山文化早期、庙底沟二期文化;帝喾、尧舜时代文化为中原龙山文化中晚期。黄帝的年代当在仰韶文化庙底沟类型年代范围之内。
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| 关 键 词： | 三皇 五帝 古史 传说 年代 考古学文化 |
The Interpretation of Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns in Ancient China |
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| XU Shun-zhan. The Interpretation of Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns in Ancient China[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 2011, 30(6): 1-8 |
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| Authors: | XU Shun-zhan |
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| Affiliation: | The Museum of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China |
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| Abstract: | According to ancient books, three emperors and their order should be Fuxi, Suiren and Shennong. Fuxi is the synonym of fishing and hunting time. Suiren is the name that comes from drilling wood to make fire. Shennong is the synonym of early agriculture. Five sovereigns should be the order recorded in Shih Chi, which is Huang emperor, Zhuan Xu, Di, Yao and Sun. all of these names are not the real names but the name of tribe and nations. When the name becomes personification, it becomes the name of the leader. The names of five sovereigns are the people'' s name, the name of leader and the tribe and the nation as well as the name of a time. In the book of Wei Shu Ji Cheng, the names of five sovereigns are the name of a time, or a tribe and a nation, which is more reasonable. The five sovereigns are correspondence to the culture of Zhongyuan Neolithic times, which are: Huang emperor is the culture of Miao Di Gou type; Zhuan Xu is the culture of early Zhongyuan Long Mountain and the second stage of Miao Di Gou type; Di, Yao and Sun belong to the time of mid and late Zhongyuan Long Mountain culture. |
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| Keywords: | three emperor five sovereigns ancient history legend times archaeological culture |
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