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| 个体的自我保存与社会学的现代道德人格属性:《自杀论》中的双重结构 | |
| 引用本文： | 孙飞宇. 个体的自我保存与社会学的现代道德人格属性:《自杀论》中的双重结构[J]. 社会, 2018, 38(6): 125-154 |
| 作者姓名： | 孙飞宇 |
| 作者单位： | 北京大学社会学系 |
| 摘 要： | 根据涂尔干关于自杀的定义，自杀必然意味着有意识的选择死亡。死亡只有一种对立面，即不死，二者之间没有中间项。所以，当涂尔干在《自杀论》中讨论自杀的时候，同时必然是在隐秘地讨论自杀的对立面，即自我保存。在《自杀论》的中译本中，这一隐秘线索的许多证据都被清除，导致书中“自我保存”这一线索在中文学界没有受到重视。本文尝试通过文本分析的方法来理解涂尔干的这一线索。他将不同类型的自杀视为不同道德的极端表达，在具体分析中常常采用一体两面的视角去讨论行动者在何种道德状态下才可能实现“自我保存”。本文试图通过比较说明，涂尔干对这三种自杀类型的界定，以及通过这一界定所呼吁的道德状态，与他对社会学的界定有内在实质的关联。在这个意义上，对于涂尔干来说，社会学本身即是某种现代道德人格的表达，而这种道德人格对于现代性个体与社会学这门学科来说，都具有自我保存的效力。 |
| 关 键 词： | 社会学 自杀 自我保存 现代道德人格 |
Self-Preservation and Sociology's Modern Moral-Personality: The Duel Structure in Suicide |
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| SUN Feiyu. Self-Preservation and Sociology's Modern Moral-Personality: The Duel Structure in Suicide[J]. Society, 2018, 38(6): 125-154 | |
| Authors: | SUN Feiyu |
| Affiliation: | Department of Sociology, Peking University |
| Abstract: | According to Durkheim's definition,suicide definitively means a conscious choice of death. The opposite of death is being and there is no middle ground in between. Therefore, when Durkheim discusses suicide,he indirectly touches the issue of living,or a choice of self-preservation,as well. This veiled discussion was unacknowledged by the Chinese mainland sociology because the widely adopted Chinese version of Durkheim's Suicide missed out most of the textual evidence of these clues in the book. This paper offers a textual analysis of Durkheim's Suicide to identify such clues. Durkheim treats different types of suicide as the extreme form of expression of different types of morals,and,in many places, his discussion touches the question of under what kind of moral condition that one could preserve oneself. The paper argues that there is an inner connection between Durkheim's definition on three types of suicide and his definition of sociology. As a social scientist on morality, he sees sociology as an expression of certain modern morality,the same kind of moral condition he calls for in his book. This moral entity signifies self-preservation for both modern individual and sociology. |
| Keywords: | moral personality sociology suicide self-preservation |
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