Towards a Common Surface Transport Policy for South East Europe

This paper addresses the all-important issue of forming a common transport policy for South East European countries with primary objective this of the re-balancing the future traffic flows towards more use of rail and maritime transport (including inland waterways). First, the elements of the new EU transport policy that address this issue are mentioned. Then, the paper examines in detail the specific factors that apply in the region of South East Europe and which may alter or influence the expected results of the application of these factors. The factors examined are the following: improving the infrastructure of the railways, various measures of promoting transport by sea and inland waterways, turning “intermodality” into reality, building the trans-European transport networks, adopting a common policy for charging for transport, utilizing research and innovation technology, implementing medium and long-term transport related environmental objectives, implementing transport-related “soft” measures.The last section of the paper examines in more detail the status and prospects of improvement of two major rail axes in the area, the axes nr. X and nr. IX. This is given as an example of the kind of actions needed to improve rail infrastructure and the involved substantial efforts that are necessary.     

Predictions of Migration from the New Member States after Their Accession into the European Union: Successes and Failures1

This article evaluates predictions of the level of migration from Central and Eastern European countries which joined the European Union in 2004. It does so by comparing observed levels of migration from the new Member States with predictions based on a 2002 Eurobarometer survey. This comparison demonstrates that the failures of previous approaches were due mainly to underestimating the complex relationship between regional and international migration. In contrast to the situation in EU 15, the propensity to migrate regionally within the accession states does not imply a greater potential for international migration. This article shows that GDP was a strong predictor of migration from the new Member States during the 2004 to 2006 period. Equally important, the research presented demonstrates that well‐chosen survey variables have the potential to provide accurate measurements of migration intentions.     

公共交通优先发展的政策体系

论述了公共交通优先发展的政策体系包括的三个方面:行政政策、市场政策和技术政策,并应结合国情、市情,在各城市具体选择实施时,做到具体问题具体分析。     

Policy Coherence for Sustainable Agricultural Development: Uncovering Prospects and Pretence within the Swedish Policy for Global Development

Within the European Union, promotion of ‘policy coherence’ is intended to improve co‐ordination across sectors and groups of professionals, who make competing claims for agricultural development in low‐income countries. This article examines the prospects for stakeholders in Sweden to implement such a policy, drawing on experiences from the launch of a national multi‐stakeholder platform with the participation of 99 organisations. Its findings demonstrate institutional fragmentation and struggles for legitimacy, with the internationally heralded Swedish Policy for Global Development operated largely as a tokenistic instrument, legitimised by the pretence of stakeholder engagement. It argues for improved institutional support to facilitate cross‐sectoral dialogues to deconstruct social boundaries which are no longer relevant.     

Transport Policy Scenarios for the EU: 2020 Images of the Future

It is essential to take a longer term view if sustainable mobility is to become a reality. This paper takes a perspective to 2020 and constructs Images of the future which conform to the principles of sustainable mobility. Set at the EU level, clear environmental, regional development and efficiency targets are set, within which strategies are developed, based on different combinations of technological innovation and the decoupling of economic growth from transport growth. The external political situation is taken as given with either a move towards greater co-operation (and extension) or towards greater fragmentation (and regionalisaization) in Europe. The three Images of the future (2020) demonstrate that challenging targets for sustainable mobility can be achieved through a range of different policy actions within the transport sector and more widely. Immediate action is required and even more difficult choices will have to be made in the EU 15, if large-scale extension of the EU takes place. Improvements in vehicle technology alone will not achieve the targets. More fundamental changes have to take place in the way in which people make travel choices and in the means by which freight is transported. All of these measures must involve less travel, more efficient and cleaner travel modes.     

国外优先发展公共交通的政策与措施

介绍了国外优先发展公共交通的法律保障、优先政策和若干措施,改善了城市交通环境。     

公交需求价格弹性计算和公交政策刍议

经济学上评价公交票价与市民出行之间关系的一个重要指标是市民对公交需求的价格弹性。该文在对上海市政府、公交运营单位和上海市民的调查基础上,比较几种由不同方法计算得出的公交需求价格弹性,并衡量其他因素对于上海市公交需求弹性的影响,藉此对城市公交发展提出建议。     

Immigrants in Azerbaijan: Current Situation and Prospects of (Re)integration Policy

“Our identity is at once plural and partial.Sometimes we feel that we straddle two cultures;At other times, that we fall between two stools.” Salman Rushdie

The integration problems of immigrants in the post‐Soviet Azerbaijan have not been the focus of researchers' attention. The present article fills this gap. I classify immigrants into three groups: 1) natives of Azerbaijan (re‐emigrants) and their family members; 2) ethnics from Georgia; 3) labour immigrants from different countries, who arrive to Azerbaijan to look for a job or to open their own business. I examine the social resources and practices used by immigrants to support their integration, in the absence of state integration policy. I conclude that the main resource is each immigrant's personal social capital, based on networks. These networks are transnational in their nature. Immigrants build up and integrate in this kind of transnational network, as well as in the transnational spaces of the capital of Azerbaijan (Baku), where the vast majority of them reside after they move to the country.     

Structures,Challenges, and Successes of Volunteer Programs Co‐managed by Nonprofit and Public Organizations

This article presents a mixed‐methods, multicase study and comparison of volunteer programs in US national parks that have evolved, in response to growth and fiscal pressures, to be co‐managed by national park staff and their nonprofit support partners. Findings detail why and how the expanded partnerships were formed; how they operate; challenges they face; ways in which they adhere to, stretch, and depart from theories of nonprofit management, collaboration, and program institutionalization; and the significant—even exponential—volunteer program growth that resulted in each case. These nonprofit?public volunteer program partnerships—at Acadia, Arches and ­Canyonlands, Cuyahoga Valley, Golden Gate, the National Mall, and Yosemite national park sites—employ many standard forms of interorganizational relations, even though in these cases the nonprofits give money to the government organization instead of the reverse. Their volunteer program and management structures also share similar elements because of coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures. At the same time, each volunteer program partnership is a distinct blend of collaboration and management practices because of the unique natural features, climate, needs, adjacent populations, and personalities of leaders at each site. The cases employ innovative strategies to substantially increase the number of staff who lead volunteer programs. Recommendations are offered for nonprofit management research and practice, and findings are instructive for organizations that utilize volunteers either as a single entity or as part of a collaboration.     

上海市交通港航发展研究中心

<正>上海市交通港航发展研究中心成立于2010年7月,是上海市运输和港口管理局所属的承担上海交通港航发展研究、决策咨询、规划设计、学术交流、技术服务等职能的事业单位。中心下设上海公用事业自动化工程有限公司、上海通谷信息科技有限公司等投资实体以及《城市公用事业》编辑部。     

上海市交通港航发展研究中心

<正>上海市交通港航发展研究中心成立于2010年7月,是上海市交通运输和港口管理局所属的承担上海交通港航发展研究、决策咨询、规划设计、学术交流、技术服务等职能的事业单位。中心下设上海公用事业自动化工程有限公司、上海通谷信息科技有限公司等投资实体以及《城市公用事业》编辑部。中心成立以来,积极拓展业务领域,先后承担了上海交通港航行业重要智能化应用项     

上海市交通港航发展研究中心

上海市交通港航发展研究中心于2010年7月经上海市机枫编制委员会批准（沪编【2010】130号）成立,是上海市交通运输和港口管理局所属的承担上海交通港航发展研究、决策咨询、规划设计、学术交流、技术服务等职能的事业单位。中心下设上海公用事业自动化工程有限公司、上海通谷信息科技有限公司等投资实体以及《城市公用事业》编辑部。     

Economic Trends,Politics, and Employment Policy for Older Workers

The rising interest among policymakers in developing employment policies for older persons can be traced to several sources. Two of these-concerns about the financing of retirement benefits and fears about possible future labor shortages-are shaping employment policies in ways that have undesirable consequences for older workers who are in poor health and who lack the economic resources to be able to afford retirement. In contrast, employment policies that operate by providing work incentives, rather than retirement disincentives, do not have discriminatory impacts on these subgroups of the older population.     

生物柴油的应用前景

分析了交通车辆排出的废气对环境的影响及用作车辆燃料的能源结构。阐述了生物柴油作为车辆燃料的优点及综合经济评价。     

Migration,Policy, and Anthropology

In reviewing the articles in this special issue on the migration/policy/anthropology nexus, my comments will be in three parts: first, presenting a rough framework by which we might look at public policy in a way that bridges the academic and the practical; second, considering the actual cases presented in this special issue; and third, considering more broadly what the anthropological contribution might be to this complex and often acrimonious issue of migration policy. Throughout, the attempt is to search for a way of looking at migration policy that balances the inevitable academic critiques of public policy with a recognition of what public policy can and inevitably must be as a tool of societal discussion, planning, and progress.     

Prospects for Innovation in State Policies for the Elderly

A comparison of recent state efforts for the elderly shows wide variation in the extensiveness of innovative responses. Overall, the states have been fairly reluctant to undertake new financial commitments, but have engaged in a wide variety of regulatory policy responses. The sources of innovation in state policy can be attributed to differences in the following major factors: problem magnitude, financial resources, political attitudes and traditions, political capacity, and leadership and lobbying efforts. The states have frequently displayed predictable responses in relation to past levels of policy action, but there are important instances of both "under-achievers" and "unexpected achievers" on specific policies. The level of innovative activity which occurred suggests the importance of lobbying and leadership roles by and for the elderly at the state level.