共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Nasser Daneshvary C. Jeffrey Waddoups Bradley S. Wimmer 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(4):365-379
This paper provides insight into the wage gap between lesbians and heterosexual women. Using data from the 2000 Decennial
Census, we find a lesbian premium that equals approximately 10% for women without a bachelor’s degree, and is nearly non-existent
for women with higher levels of education. These findings are consistent with proposition that the gap between lesbians’ and
heterosexual women’s commitment to the labor market narrows at higher levels of education. We also find that controls for
industry and occupation exert only a small effect on the gap between lesbian and heterosexual women’s wages.
相似文献
Bradley S. WimmerEmail: |
2.
Younghwan Song 《Review of Economics of the Household》2007,5(3):279-304
Using data drawn from the Current Population Surveys, this paper provides a consistent explanation for why the presence of
a working wife reduces the husband’s wage among managers, but increases the husband’s wage among non-managers. It is not husband’s
occupation per se but rather the distribution of husbands’ wage levels that underlies the working spouse penalty or premium.
Positive correlations in earnings between married couples that arise from assortative mating make the cross-wage effects of
the husbands’ wages on the wives’ hours of work first positive, then negative in cross-sectional data. The phenomenon of a
working spouse penalty/premium is simply the flip side of this relationship.
相似文献
Younghwan SongEmail: |
3.
Current literature generally highlights the unique differences between sports and traditional unions. In particular, the contrast
between the two types of unions’ approaches to the free market when it comes to wage determination—sports unions fought the
“reserve clause” to obtain free market outcomes while traditional unions fought to circumvent the market for wages—has been
widely cited. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the hitherto neglected comparisons between sports and traditional
unions. With respect to both economic and non-economic issues, professional sports unions share far more in common with their
traditional counterparts than the labor and sports economics literatures would lead one to believe.
相似文献
James Richard HillEmail: |
4.
We study the long-term impact of job displacement from a big state owned enterprise as a result of its privatization in a
developing country. Our results suggest large reductions in earnings, which persist throughout the years. However, we also
find that the displaced worker’s post-displacement earnings are in line with competitive market wages, and unrelated to sector
of employment or to tenure losses, indicating that the long-term reduction in earnings as a result of displacement because
of privatization can be traced to the loss of wage rents. Our results indicate that job displacement in SOEs may have very
large redistributive implications for the workers involved but that this loss does not necessarily reflect the loss of specific
human capital associated to these jobs.
相似文献
Federico Sturzenegger (Corresponding author)Email: |
5.
We develop a new approach to assessing the value of home production time based on willingness to spend time and money to obtain
environmental improvements. When peoples’ choice is constrained by time as well as money, measures of willingness to pay can
be defined with respect to either numeraire. In a model that explicitly allows for multiple shadow values of time, we show
that the willingness to pay time and money measures are linked through the value of saving time. With survey information on
peoples’ willingness to spend additional time on housework activities, as well as pay money, to obtain environmental quality
improvements, joint estimation within a utility-consistent structure produces estimates of both willingness to pay and the
value of saving housework time. From the value of saving housework time, the marginal value of housework time can be readily
identified. When applied to Korean households’ valuation of water quality improvements in the Man Kyoung River, we find that
the value of housework time is 70–80% of the market wage.
相似文献
Douglas M. LarsonEmail: |
6.
The economics of gay and lesbian couples: Introduction to a special issue on gay and lesbian households 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article presents a simple conceptual framework integrating three couple-related outcomes analyzed in this volume: wage
differentials in earnings related to couple formation, household formation (including cohabitation and registration as Registered
Domestic Partnership), and intra-household allocation of income. It also discusses some of the articles’ main findings.
相似文献
Lisa K. Jepsen (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
Paul Hettler 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(3):477-486
No completely satisfactory explanation for the persistent and well-documented large-firm wage premium has been found. I use
a novel adaptation of the Oaxaca/Blinder wage discrimination model to examine the firm-size wage differential which allows
the wage differential to be decomposed into the portions attributable to (1) differences in employee endowments, (2) how the
firm values these endowments, and (3) residual differences. Small firms actually pay higher wages based on how they value
their workers’ endowments, but this wage premium was overshadowed by the superior endowments of workers in large firms and
a residual differential in favor of large firms.
相似文献
Paul HettlerEmail: |
8.
The countries of Central and Eastern Europe experienced a rapid increase of return to education with the advent of the transition.
We look at the dynamics of wage premiums in Croatia and estimate how much the return to education has changed between 1996
and 2004 on the basis of labor force survey data. We also extend the paper in order to address additional features of the
wage structure, such as non-linearities in the return to education associated with attainment of credentials. We find that
contrary to most transition countries, premiums for education in Croatia began to grow only after the mid 1990s. However,
by 2004, they reached the levels of premiums found in other transition countries and advanced market economies, thus creating
market incentives for investment in education. We also find that major part of this higher rate of return came through higher
return to credentials.
相似文献
Vedran ŠošićEmail: |
9.
Zhai Yuanjian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):429-437
China’s previous contract laws had many contradictions and failed to meet the needs of China’s developing market economy.
Although some problems still need to be dealt with, the unified contract law is more advanced, systematic and plays an important
role in fostering and encouraging transactions.
相似文献
Zhai YuanjianEmail: |
10.
Suzanne Heller Clain 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):205-218
I investigate how living wage legislation affects poverty. I find evidence that living wage ordinances modestly reduce poverty
rates where such ordinances are enacted. However, there is no evidence that state minimum wage laws do so. The difference
in the impacts of the two types of legislation conceivably stems from a difference in the party responsible for bearing the
burden of the cost.
相似文献
Suzanne Heller ClainEmail: |
11.
Evidence suggests a large portion of the gender wage gap is explained by gender occupational segregation. A common hypothesis
is that gender differences in preferences or abilities explain this segregation; women may prefer jobs that provide more “family-friendly”
fringe benefits. Much of the research provides no direct evidence on gender differences in access to fringe benefits, nor
how provision affects wages. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we find that women are more likely
to receive family-friendly benefits, but not other types of fringe benefits. We find no evidence that the differences in fringe
benefits explain the gender wage gap.
相似文献
Paul Sicilian (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
David E. Kalist 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):219-235
The Ladies Professional Golf Association provides a unique setting to examine productivity differences between women with
children and women without children. In this paper, productivity is directly observed (e.g., the player’s golf score), unlike
most studies that use wage as a proxy for productivity. Therefore, discrimination cannot be a source of observed differences
in productivity between mothers and nonmothers, since the earnings of players are strictly determined by relative performance.
Using panel data on women professional golfers, I find that motherhood lowers productivity. The productivity of women who
eventually become mothers increases in the years before giving birth and then declines thereafter. The results support the
human-capital explanation and Becker’s effort hypothesis of the family gap. One further finding is that marriage increases
productivity.
相似文献
David E. KalistEmail: |
13.
Married Couples’ Time Allocation Decisions and Marital Stability 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 1985–1992, are the data used to simultaneously examine the role of family stability
to both market and household time allocation for both spouses and the role of couples’ time allocation in their probability
of divorce. The study found that increases in the probabilities of divorce were only significantly correlated with decreases
in wife’s housework time. It was also found by the study that increases in the husband’s market work hours and increases in
the wife’s household work hours had negative effects on the probability of divorce.
相似文献
Jiahui YanEmail: |
14.
This study examines union wage premiums in the public sector for the 1998–2004 period. Unlike previous studies, our approach
estimates union wage premiums considering differences in the rewards to education, experience, and other personal characteristics
for union and non-union workers. The approach provides a larger estimated wage gap than the traditional approach, and allows
for simulations of union–nonunion wage gaps for different types of workers. Moreover, we use an Oaxaca decomposition to explain
the larger union–nonunion wage gap in the private sector in comparison to that in the public sector. We find that between
50% and 60% of the difference in union wage premiums between the private and public sectors is due to differences in the way
unionized workers are rewarded in the private and public sectors, while the remaining portion is due to differences in personal
characteristics of private and public sector workers.
相似文献
John D. BitzanEmail: |
15.
This paper investigates the channels through which maternal employment affects childhood obesity. We use time diaries and
interview responses from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics which combines information
on children’s time allocation, children’s BMI, and mother’s labor force participation. We find some evidence that supervision
and nutrition play significant but small roles in the relationship between maternal employment and childhood obesity. Although
the difference in the effect of maternal employment varies by mother’s education, we find few differences in the mechanisms
by mother’s education.
相似文献
Rusty TchernisEmail: |
16.
Sherrilyn M. Billger 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(3):536-551
I analyze how stock prices reacted to the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970. Previous studies
focus on accounting measures or actual OSHA violations, and my work complements the literature by examining how shareholders
expected OSHA to affect firm profitability. Returns fell around the OSH bill’s release to the House floor and its eventual
passage, and average market value dropped by $1.5 million over the 3 days surrounding House Rules Committee release. Durable
manufacturing and mining industries were hardest hit in OSH passage, losing $2.6 million and $5.7 million in average market
value, respectively. I also find that larger firms with poorer working conditions sustained more negative returns, and market
power, not union density, explains variation in expected profitability. Furthermore, future penalties appear unrelated to
shareholder expectations about compliance costs.
相似文献
Sherrilyn M. BillgerEmail: |
17.
This paper examines the interactions between spouses’ decisions to join the labor force. We use the asymptotic least squares
method in order to estimate a system of equations with limited dependent variables. We find that when spouse’s decision-making
is modeled as simultaneous, this affects primarily the man’s participation equation who appears to be positively influenced
by whether the woman works or not, by the number of children and by the birth of a child. The woman’s decision to participate
is not affected by whether the man participates or not and depends negatively of the number of children and the birth of a
child. This implies that there is a female leadership in decisions to participate in the labor market and that the added-worker
effect should be reinterpreted as a function of demography rather than unemployment.
相似文献
Véronique Simonnet (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
J. R. Shackleton 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(3):454-476
Since the Labor Party returned to power in 1997, a substantial increase in employment regulation has occurred in the United
Kingdom. Britain has enacted new laws on labor union recognition, introduced a national minimum wage, enhanced employment
protection legislation, strengthened anti-discrimination legislation, and imposed many new obligations on employers. Employment
regulation should not, however, be looked at in isolation. The potential for job loss implicit in some of the Blair administrations’
regulation has been offset by other factors which have broadly supported labor market flexibility. This does not mean that
further regulation can be imposed with impunity. Although the UK labor market continues to perform better than those of the
large continental European economies, its competitiveness may be slipping. When Mr. Blair retires, the prospects may deteriorate.
相似文献
J. R. ShackletonEmail: |
19.
Naoko Akashi-Ronquest 《Review of Economics of the Household》2009,7(1):59-81
A remarriage typically involves significant changes in a family’s financial circumstance, and these changes, combined with
the relative bargaining relationship between spouses, likely affect the well-being of the children who are part of the family.
In this paper, I use the separate-spheres model, a theoretical model that explains the determinants of bargaining power in
marriage, to analyze how a remarried couple’s bargaining relationship affects their child investment in stepfamilies. Based
on this theoretical model, I build and estimate an empirical model that investigates the determinants of parental investment.
As evidence of parental preference for biological children over stepchildren, I find that an increased wage rate of a biological
mother significantly improves her child investment when her husband is a stepfather of the child, while there is no such effect
for mothers living with the biological father of the child.
相似文献
Naoko Akashi-RonquestEmail: |
20.
Cathleen D. Zick W. Keith Bryant Sivithee Srisukhumbowornchai 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(1):1-28
In recent years, American women’s housework time has declined while American men’s housework time has risen. We examine how
these changes have affected economic inequality in the United States. Using time-diary data from the Time Use in Economic
and Social Accounts, 1975–1976 (N = 1,484) and the American Time Use Survey, 2003 (N = 5,534), we value adults’ housework using two alternative methodologies and assess its influence on households’ real access
to goods and services in both years. Results suggest that housework reduces economic inequality in both years. But, between
1975–1976 and 2002–2003, overall economic inequality rose largely because of the growing wage inequality and also, in part,
because of growth in housework inequality. Socio-demographic change partially inhibited the overall growth in economic inequality.
相似文献
Cathleen D. ZickEmail: |