中国城市经济效率测度研究

文章选取固定资产投资总额、劳动力作为投入变量,地区生产总值、地方财政预算内收入、职工工资总额作为产出变量,运用DEA分析法对中国城市经济效率进行了研究。研究发现,城市的纯技术效率、规模效率与城市所处的地理位置无关。城市规模效率与城市人口呈正相关关系,增加城市规模能够提高城市效率。中国近年来技术进步和技术效率呈轻微下降趋势,城市规模效率呈低速增长。技术进步和全要素生产率较高的城市以东部地区城市为主。在城市经济发展过程中应注意优化资源配置,加快技术进步。     

山东省城市职能分类探讨

采用城市就业人口资料,运用统计分析和比较分析相结合的方法,根据最新的统计资料,对山东省全部城市进行了统一的职能分类。将17个地级市分为省级、省内地区级、地级三级城市。对各个城市的一般职能、优势职能、显著职能也作了详细的探讨,通过分类可以发现山东省城市体系职能结构存在的问题,认清城市职能结构发展趋势及优化对策。     

An econometric analysis of the U.S. postwar G.N.P.

Whilst most developed countries have experienced stable economic conditions during the postwar period, the acceptance of the unit root null hypothesis implies wild fluctuations in the major economic variables over time. This paper investigates the sensitivity of the decisions to accept the unit root hypothesis to the specification of the trends underlying the U.S. postwar GNP and other macro-variables. In particular, the relationship between the nominal GNP and the resident population is found to be a non-linear one. The unit root null hypothesis can be firmly rejected when the conditional mean of the nominal GNP series is represented by a quadratic trend variable and the assumptions that changes in the price level and the resident population lead to equiproportionate changes in the GNP are not enforced on the data. The case of quarterly observations is also investigated for seasonally unadjusted and adjusted data.The author is indebted to two anonymous referees and the Managing Editor for helpful comments.     

Second-Generation Outcomes of the Great Migration

The mass migration of African Americans out of the South during the first two-thirds of the twentieth century represents one of the most significant internal migration flows in U.S. history. Those undertaking the Great Migration left the South in search of a better life, and their move transformed the cultural, social, and political dynamics of African American life specifically and U.S. society more generally. Recent research offers conflicting evidence regarding the migrants’ success in translating their geographic mobility into economic mobility. Due in part to the lack of a large body of longitudinal data, almost all studies of the Great Migration have focused on the migrants themselves, usually over short periods of their working lives. Using longitudinally linked census data, we take a broader view, investigating the long-term economic and social effects of the Great Migration on the migrants’ children. Our results reveal modest but statistically significant advantages in education, income, and poverty status for the African American children of the Great Migration relative to the children of southerners who remained in the South. In contrast, second-generation white migrants experienced few benefits from migrating relative to southern or northern stayers.     

再论大城市超低总和生育率中外来流入人口的分母效应--与郭志刚教授商榷

郭志刚教授对本人原文的潜在含义存在一定误解,其所做检验不足以否定本人原文的基本结论.出生漏报和育龄妇女婚育年龄推迟过程中对京津沪超低TFR的影响因素固然存在,但外来流入人口的分母效应同样不容置疑.     

中国城市外籍移民管理研究

近些年来,随着中国经济实力增强、移民者强烈的改变生活条件与生存环境的内在愿望以及其他原因,导致中国人口跨界转移改变了以往单向流动的格局,许多外籍移民涌入中国城市。虽然外籍移民的出现,会给中国城市带来一定的活力,但是由于这是一个新现象,因此,中国城市管理当局在管理外籍移民时存在着主观上认识不到位和管理制度不健全等方面的不足。为了解决这些不足,除了完善相关法律法规外,还应提高管理人员的综合素质,并采取趋同管理办法。     

流动农民工随迁子女教育问题研究——以珠三角城镇地区为例

流动农民工随迁子女教育问题是农民工融入城镇的难点问题。作者通过对珠三角城镇流动人口的调查发现,珠三角城镇流动农民工随迁子女存在入学年龄大、就读民办学校比例高、转学率高、失学率高、犯罪率高和学习成绩低、升学率低、城镇认同感低等现象。针对现行的高考制度和短缺的教育资源,文章提出了教育公共资源与农民工随迁子女教育合理匹配的模式和机制等对策。     

东北地区资源型城市就业问题与对策分析

东北地区是我国资源型城市最为集中的地区。目前,部分东北资源型城市面临资源日渐枯竭的局面,而且东北地区又是传统的资本密集型重工业基地,吸纳就业的能力不如轻工业,因此成为遭遇就业冲击最为严重的地区。大批下岗工人形成新的贫困群体,就业的结构性矛盾十分突出,使资源型城市面临更重的压力,要解决资源型城市的就业问题,就要分析资源型城市就业问题的成因,从加强人力资源能力建设等根本性问题上入手,多方面寻求失业问题的解决办法。     

煤炭城市特殊就业再就业体系的探索

煤炭城市就业再就业是振兴东北老工业基地、实现资源型城市发展接续产业战略亟待解决的问题。这一突出的矛盾有其历史因素,存在着固有的特殊性。因此,在振兴东北老工业基地战略中,国家应考虑制定特殊的政策和采取特殊的措施来解决煤炭城市的就业再就业难题。     

城市流动人口的经济贡献量化初探

城市流动人口为城市经济增长做出巨大贡献已经成为不争的事实 ,但有关这一贡献的量化计算仍有待研究。有鉴于此 ,本文将合作博弈中Sharpley值方法引入经济贡献量化计算 ,并结合北京市建筑业外来劳动力数据进行了实证分析 ,研究表明 :流动人口对城市经济增长的贡献可以通过Sharpley值和生产函数方法得到更深刻的验证     

Fertility Timing of Unmarried and Married Mothers: Evidence on Variation Across U.S. Cities from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

In this paper, we examine the determinants of fertility timing of unmarried and married mothers using a rich new birth cohort study, the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, drawn from 20 medium and large U.S. cities. We find considerable variation in the time to next birth among comparable mothers who live in different cities. Some of this variation is explained by variation in labor markets, housing costs and availability, and welfare policies. City variation is particularly important for unmarried women who already have two or more children, whose fertility is more sensitive to these contextual variables than is the fertility of married women, or unmarried women with just one child.     

城市社区生活不能自理居家老人生活质量评估和改善的研究

从生活不能自理老人生活现状调查数据入手 ,对影响这个特殊群体的老人生活质量的因素加以概括和分析 ,从而构建出生活不能自理老人居家养老的生活质量评估的理论框架 ,并探讨改善和提高生活不能自理居家老人生活质量的对策。     

近代中国不同城市离婚原因略论

由于中国近代城市发展的不平衡 ,在市民的离婚原因上也有较大差异。上海作为近代中国经济最发达 ,社会最开明的城市 ,在其离婚原因上也可显现出来。 30年代 ,在上海市民 12种离婚原因中 ,双方“意见不合”的比重高达 73 % ,表明男女双方在意识上具有很强的独立性。而同时期在广州、天津、北平、成都等城市的离婚原因中 ,“意见不合”的比重都很低。产生这种差别的主要原因是 ,经济发展水平 ,妇女经济和社会地位的提高 ,文化教育水平的提高等     

A Survey of the Elderly In Six Cities of China

Withthepopulationincreasinglyaging,theUnitedNationshasdesignated1999astheinternationalYearforOldPeople.Toincreasepeople'sawarenessofagingandtheneedtoshowmorecarefortheelderly,asurveyonthegeneralconditionsoftheoldpeoplebytheSocialSurveyinstituteofChinawasconducted.Atotalof1,756oldpeoplefromBeding,Shanghai,Qingdao,Wuhan,ChongqingandGuangzhouwereinterviewedbytelephone.Theresultsareasfollows:FamilyrelationshipThesurveyshowsthatthemajorityoftheoldpeopleleadahappyandharmoniousfamilylife.77.4%o…     

The effect of the Great Blackout of 1965 on births in New York City

A comparison of the number of births in New York City nine months after the Great Blackout of 1965 with comparable periods for the previous five years shows no increase in births associated with the blackout.     

宏观经济因素对中国城镇劳动供给的影响

为了从宏观经济层面分析中国城镇劳动参与率迅速下降的深层原因,本文综合利用各人口、制度、宏观经济等时间序列数据,通过建立因子分析、多元回归分析、向量自回归等模型,从同期和滞后两个方面来研究宏观经济因素对劳动供给的影响.得出经济发展水平提高、经济制度变革、失业率上升、劳动力供给增加是中国劳动参与率降低的主要原因,在此基础上,提出相关有意义的结论.     

Quality of Life,Multimodality, and the Demise of the Autocentric Metropolis: A Multivariate Analysis of 148 Mid-Size U.S. Cities

Social Indicators Research - Quality of life has recently gained prominence in the urban affairs, development, and planning debates. A wide-range of factors have been linked to quality of life,...