Aggressive Behaviors in Social Interaction and Developmental Adaptation: A Narrative Analysis of Interpersonal Conflicts During Early Adolescence

Using conflict narratives reported by adolescents in grade 7 (mean age = 13.4 years), this study investigated the interactional properties and developmental functions of four types of aggressive behaviors: social aggression, direct relational aggression, physical aggression, and verbal aggression. A total of 475 participants from the Carolina Longitudinal Study ( Cairns & Cairns, 1994 ) were included. Results showed that the majority of conflict interactions involved more than a dyad. The use of social aggression (e.g., concealed social attack) was associated with more individuals involved in the conflict. Social aggression was primarily reported as an initiating behavior for interpersonal conflicts, while direct relational aggression was a responding behavior. Medium to high levels of reciprocity were found for physical, verbal, and direct relational aggression, whereas a low level of reciprocity was reported for social aggression. School authorities were most likely to intervene in physical aggression. The use of social aggression was associated with higher network centrality among adolescents. Developmental maladjustment in late adolescence and early adulthood was primarily predicted by physical aggression.     

旁观者心态与张爱玲小说的叙事策略

中国文学史对张爱玲一直有某些误解,其中之一就是张爱玲的“冷眼旁观”。她这种貌似清高的创作姿态,给很多读者留下了冷漠薄情的印象。事实上,张爱玲是个“外冷内热”的人,这也正是她的旁观者心态的本质。了解她的旁观者心态的表现与动因对于她的叙事策略研究有很大帮助,也有利于我们进一步了解她的创作在人性、历史、哲学等方面达到的深度。     

The Social Ecology of Early Childhood: Preschool Social Support Networks and Social Acceptance

The focus of this study was on the social networks of preschool children and on the interface between network characteristics and the child's acceptance by peers and teachers. Fifty-six children and their mothers were interviewed about the child's social support network. Social acceptance measures included peer sociometric ratings and teacher ratings of child preference and relationship quality. Frequency of contact with mother-nominated child network members was a determining factors in the concordance of mother and child reports. From the child's perspective, social acceptance was related to the presence and supportiveness of siblings and extended kin. Mother reports were less predictive, with only one significant association between parental support and teacher preference. In general, the children's perceptions regarding the structure and function of their social networks were found to be reliable and to relate meaningfully to social acceptance in the preschool domain.     

叙事治疗理论及其社会工作实践

叙事治疗已成为当下比较流行的社会工作实践新范式,其主要理论基础是后现代主义的社会建构主义。社会建构主义认为人们的周围存在着多重的现实,视乎人们以怎样的方式进行建构。叙事疗法则在这种理论的指导下,使人们解构他们生活现实和关系的意义,并指出现实和内化的自我故事之间的差异,从而帮助人们解决问题。本文首先回顾了叙事治疗的理论渊源,总结叙事治疗理论的主要观点,并介绍了其在青少年社会工作和家庭社会工作中的运用,在此基础上提出相应评析。     

叙事疗法在医务社工介入精神疾患中的应用初探——以武汉市某三甲医院为例

社会工作在当今社会里已经成为众所周知的专业和行业,但是医务社会工作却仍处于起步发展阶段,传统干预方法已不足以应对复杂的临床案例。本文通过个案研究的方法,运用标签理论、符号互动论、自我效能理论指导叙事疗法进行医务社会工作实务,对在医院实习中遇到的案主进行介入,总结出叙事疗法在此类介入中的通用模式,并通过实地研究发现叙事疗法在医务社会工作中介入的优势及不足。笔者希望通过这一探索性研究,尝试将叙事疗法应用到医务社会工作中,以期推动社会工作实务更快的发展。     

Sleepwalking through an Epidemic--Why Social Work should Wake up to the Threat of Hepatitis C

Correspondence to Dr Ian Paylor, Department of Applied Social Science, Cartmel College, Lancaster University LA1 3HY, UK. E-mail: i.paylor1{at}lancaster.ac.uk Summary One of the many consequences of injecting drug use is the potentialrisk to infectious blood-borne viruses. There is evidence thatthe risk of contracting Hepatitis C (HCV) is greater than thatof HIV. Despite repeated warnings from a variety of sourcesand thousands of new infections among drug users each year andrising incidents of ‘'crack’ injecting, successivegovernments have failed to address a public health emergencyof immense proportions - the HCV epidemic. This article exploresthis issue and the implications it has for social work.     

社会学民族志的力量:重返早期社会研究的田野工作

自20世纪70年代以来,社会学民族志在田野工作和叙事复兴中与传统人文学汇聚,显著扩展了自己的学科边界。但是,这种扩展并没有解决社会学民族志在深度的经验发生和强烈的理论诉求之间遭遇的紧张。对于这种紧张,本文主张再访早期社会研究的田野,即19世纪末期到一战之前的若干典型研究,从中反思早期社会学田野工作是如何在“直接经验”的倾向中完成类型化,以及如何在这个经验感获得的同时改变对社会世界的道德想象。早期社会学的田野工作的力量之一不在于以规范的诉求压制经验感,而是以独特的情感结构连接经验的观察和道德理想的重生。由此,我们不仅需要反思诸如社会调查到社区研究这样的简单思路,更要重新理解理论史上所谓的“进步主义式”的道德本身。这一工作对重新认识早期社会研究和今天的社会学民族志都具有意义上的准备。     

Patterns of Social Support in the Middle Childhood to Early Adolescent Transition: Implications for Adjustment

Children's social networks often include close family members, extended family members, and friends, but little is known about interindividual differences in the patterning of support from these sources. In this study, we used person‐oriented analyses to differentiate patterns of support for children undergoing the transition to adolescence. Social network and adjustment data were collected for an ethnically diverse sample of 691 fourth‐ and sixth‐grade children, with a two‐year follow‐up. Cluster analyses identified one pattern of support from both close family members and friends, a second pattern of support from both close and extended family members, and a third pattern of support primarily from close family members alone. Participants receiving support from close family in combination with either extended family or friends were better adjusted than were those without multiple support resources. The results suggest that a meaningful typology of children's social networks can be developed.     

明朝前期华北地区的社会变化

明朝前期华北社会在国家政策主导下,实现重建和稳定过程中形成了结构性的矛盾。原有的土著民(社民)和移住的开垦民(屯民)在耕地的肥沃和贫瘠、大亩和小亩的区分等方面呈现出了极其分明的差异,华北社会内在的"二元性"要素的缝隙进一步扩大,即所谓"阶级分化"现象的加速。通过国家主导的迁移政策重建的华北里甲体制,在其政策执行过程中酿成的结构性矛盾连同华北社会劣恶的自然环境相互作用的结果下,开始迅速瓦解。     

20世纪初东北叙事文学话语的现代形态和意义

20世纪初的东北文学叙事话语的现代性,体现在对近现代国家的体认、对现代社会的认知,以及对现代文学的趋赴。在文学中体现出的国家观念,仍旧徘徊于旧的封贡体系中,近现代民族国家意识缺位,滞后于国际政治体系的变化。这使得其时的东北叙事文学中出现了两类独具时代特色的内容,一是外国政史小说的书写,一是外国世情小说创作。在其时的文学镜像中,城市文明呈现的是一种失衡、倾斜的形象,在从旧文化向新文化攀升的艰难行程中,来自旧时代的写手似乎更多地关注和记录了它转型中丑陋的足迹。在文学性方面,则表现出对现代文学的趋赴,内容上从教谕文学、游戏文学转向对人生的写实,篇章结构从说话体、笔记体的框制中挣脱出来,书写日常生活、人物和风景,逐步建设以呈现人生为追求的现代文学。     

Drinking Matters: Public Houses and Social Exchange in Early Modern Central Europe

Michael Zell, Industry in the Countryside: Wealden Society in the Sixteenth Century (1994), xiv + 257 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £35.00).

Phyllis Mack, Visionary Women. Ecstatic Prophecy in Seventeenth‐Century England (1993), xv + 465 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $40.00).

Amy Louise Erickson, Women and Property in Early Modern England (1993), xiv + 306 (Routledge, £40.00).

Christopher L. Tomlins, Law, Labor, and Ideology in the Early American Republic (1993), xviii + 406 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £42.50, paperback £14.95).

F. Murray Greenwood, Legacies of Fear: Lawand Politics in Quebec in the Era of the French Revolution (1993), xvi + 359 (Osgoode Society/University of Toronto Press, Toronto, n.p.).

Roger Scola, Feeding the Victorian City. The Food Supply of Manchester, 1770–1870 (1992), xx+ 347 (Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, £35.00).

J. Frankel and S. Zipperstein (eds), Assimilation and Community. The Jews in Nineteenth'Century Europe (1992), xii + 384 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £35.00).

Roger Magraw, A History of the French Working Class, vol. 1, The Age of the Artisan Republic 1815–71, vol. 2, Workers and the Bourgeois Republic 1871–1939 (1992), xi + 301 and vi + 330 (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, £40.00 each).

Rajnarayan Chandavarkar, The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business Strategies and the Working Classes in Bombay 1900–1940 (1994), xvii + 468 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £40.00).

Chris Wrigley (ed.), Challenges of Labour: Central and Western Europe igiy‐igzo (1993), x + 300 (Routledge, £40.00).