Transnationalism,Networks and Emigration from Post-War Ireland

Transnationalism is one of the widely-used concepts in the study of contemporary migrations. This article assesses the value of a transnational approach to the study of post-war Irish migration, when over a million people left Ireland, the vast majority travelling to Great Britain. The principal conclusion is that informal personal networks transcended the borders of the nation state and the Irish in Britain existed in a transnational social space which spanned the Irish Sea and included fellow-migrants, and family and friends living at home.     

Transnationalism, Networks and Emigration from Post-War Ireland

Transnationalism is one of the widely-used concepts in the study of contemporary migrations. This article assesses the value of a transnational approach to the study of post-war Irish migration, when over a million people left Ireland, the vast majority travelling to Great Britain. The principal conclusion is that informal personal networks transcended the borders of the nation state and the Irish in Britain existed in a transnational social space which spanned the Irish Sea and included fellow-migrants, and family and friends living at home.     

Film Studies in Post-War Poland: Tradition and Innovation

This paper sets out a case for identifying a Carpathian Sprachbund comprising Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Kajkavian Croatian, Hungarian, Yiddish and the Bavarian-Austrian dialect of German. It investigates the distribution of eleven possible Sprachbund-forming features: five phonological (absence of tones, initial stress, phonemic opposition of length in vowels, absence of a palatalization correlation, the presence of medial l), six morpho-syntactical (a basic three-tense verbal system, an analytical future formed with an inchoative plus the infinitive, an original perfect as the only simple preterite, a pluperfect formed from a double perfect, a pre-posed definite and indefinite article). The information gathered comfortably satisfies the minimal conditions for establishing the existence of a Sprachbund set out by Sarah Grey Thomason, W.P. Schmid and others. The levels of participation of the individual languages also seem to be commensurable with those of the languages of the well known Balkan Sprachbund as set forth by Jouko Lindstedt.     

装备类课程考核与军校学员能力培养研究

在人才培养过程中,科学的考核评价模式对激发学员的学习积极性,促进教学内容、教学方法、教学手段等方面的改革具有重要作用。建立基于能力的装备类课程考核模式是装备类课程改革的重要内容之一。文章针对装备课程考核存在的问题,提出了基于能力的装备课程考核改革要求及内容,并在《轮式装甲车辆构造》课程考核中进行了实践应用,取得了良好效果。     

A Measure of Justice: The Rabinal Human Rights Movement in Post-War Guatemala

This article explores one region’s struggle for human rights and legal justice in post-war Guatemala. Rabinal—a target of state-directed genocide in the 1980s—suffered one of the highest fatality levels of the war. In the post-war era, Rabinal human rights activists have led the struggle to demand exhumations of mass graves, build memorials, and push for criminal investigations and trials. Despite some important local victories, few of those responsible for the violence have received punishment. But that does not mean this movement is a failure. Instead, this article highlights the cultural, expressive and inprocess benefits of mobilization. Rabinal activists have restored their sense of agency and confirmed their collective identity as fighters for legal justice. Meanwhile, this local mobilization has contributed to Guatemala’s uneven process of democratization.

Asking for a Child: The Refashioning of Reproductive Space in Post-War Northern Vietnam

In the mid-1980s, population movement, wartime male mortality, and changing notions of marriageability converged to create a radically different marital terrain than that previously encountered by Vietnamese women. Finding themselves without suitable marriage prospects a small number of single women asked men they would not marry to get them pregnant. This paper focuses on three elements that contributed to this refashioning of reproductive space: the women's post-war experiences that prompted them to ‘ask for a child’, state policies that provided a different dynamic for bearing children out of wedlock, and the manner in which the Women's Union sought to provide social acceptance for women who ‘asked for a child’. As a result of the women's agency and the state's decision to incorporate single mothers into society a new reproductive space was forged in which ideologies of motherhood, family, and reproduction took on new meaning in post-war northern Vietnam.     

Military Caregivers

Military caregivers provide essential services for their veteran or military service members who have serious injuries or illness. Of the estimated 39.8 million Americans who provide care for an adult, 1.1 million care for a post 9/11 veteran or service member. Caregivers may experience greater physical or mental health concerns including stress, depression and/or chronic illness, and have greater financial burden than their non-caregiving counterparts. Policy shifts such as the Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010 (2018) have created and expanded programs to support caregivers. Practitioners working with injured or ill military service members or veterans and their families should include a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment of the whole family, utilizing several interventions, such as support groups, peer support, psychoeducational programs, training, individual and family counseling, and/or respite care services, to improve family function and reduce caregiver burden.     

Lessons from Post-War Experience: An Alternative Care Interventions for War-affected Children in Pakistan

This qualitative research analyses the literature and lived experiences of war-affected institutionalized children of Pakistan. It is well documented that war-affected children face a unique set of adverse childhood events that have lasting effects on their social, emotional, physical, and cognitive well-being and development. War-affected children of Pakistan exposed to childhood trauma require enhanced interventions during and after conflict to mitigate the compounded and lasting detriments to their well-being and development. Social-Ecological interventions for this war-affected population needs trained social workers, psychologists, and child-rights activists to approach all angles of their humanitarian needs in collaboration with NGOs, governmental agencies, and other stakeholders. The findings strengthen the argument for supporting familial attachment through community-based integrated interventions both during and after armed conflict for the orphaned children of Pakistan in alternative care. The goal of this article is to inform policy implementation and provide recommendations for additional support to this population.     

Warrior Heroes and Little Green Men: Soldiers,Military Training,and the Construction of Rural Masculinities*

Abstract In this paper I examine military masculinities as a form of rural masculinity. I argue that one model of military masculinity, the warrior hero, acts as a dominant military construction of masculinity. I examine how the countryside as a location, and rurality as a social construction, impinge upon the construction of the ideal type of the warrior hero. The paper draws on recruitment literature, Ministry of Defence publicity materials, popular accounts of soldiering, and Army videos to trace out the practices and representations that construct the dominant discourse of the warrior hero. The paper is grounded conceptually in theories of gender identity and rurality as social constructions. I conclude by questioning the political consequences, both for rural life and for the armed forces, of this hegemonic model of masculinity.     

Military EAPs:

A review of recent developments and future trends in military family services is of interest since the military is the largest single employer in the United States, providing health, mental health, recreational and social services to an estimated 13.2 million persons or over 5% of the national population. Rapid program development is taking place in the military, focused on services to the total family for the purpose of supporting the well-being of active duty personnel. This paper examines several issues related to the growing opportunities for social workers in military family services, including potential values conflicts, needs assessments, relations between military and civilian service providers, and avoiding culture shock.     

Military Cultural Competence

This article offers a new definition of military cultural competence based on a review of the literature. As a starting point, the defining characteristics of military culture is discussed and includes the chain of command, military norms, and military identity. Having laid this groundwork, the multidimensionality of military cultural competence—attitudinal, cognitive, behavior—is discussed. Clinical applications of these various competencies are provided.     

军令状初探

军令状的起源和军队行军作战有着密切的关系,然而至今并未被写入条令条例之中。订立军令状的目的是为了增强命令执行者的责任感,确保军事命令的胜利完成。它具有奖惩性、强制性、主动性、双向性、权威性和义务性的特征,按不同的划分标准可将其划分为军事指挥军令状和军事行政军令状,主动提交的军令状和被动签订的军令状。军令状不属于合同范畴,在实践中军事指挥军令状是为了保证命令得以实现的辅助形式,在军事行政领域应当被认定为具有行政性的管理措施。     

上海外来人口子女义务教育现状

如何保障流动人口子女接受平等的免费义务教育权利,是流入地政府面临的一个新问题。2006年新修订的《中华人民共和国义务教育法》以法律的形式保障流动人口子女在流入地平等接受义务教育的权利,2008年我国又实现了城乡义务教育全部免除学杂费。在这些新背景下,经过各流入地政府的努力,我国流动人口子女接受义务教育状况得到很大改善。作为我国流动人口主要集聚地之一的上海,也是如此。据统计,2008年在上海接受义务教育的外来人口子女超过了40万,其中六成以上在公办中小学就读;2009年已有九成符合条件的在沪农民工同住子女享受免费义务教育。但随着外来人口子女规模的不断扩大,上海面临义务教育资源紧缺、管理难度加大等一系列问题。如何保障流动人口子女接受平等的免费义务教育权利,是上海面临的一个新问题。本文在分析上海流动人口子女接受义务教育现状、存在问题的基础上,探讨进一步的对策建议,以期为上海有关部门保障外来人口子女接受平等的义务教育提供参考。