俄罗斯海洋战略基本问题刍议

俄罗斯海洋战略的基本问题是:大陆性国家如何发展和利用海权实现国家战略的问题。从沙俄到苏联,再到当代俄罗斯,俄罗斯海洋战略的矛盾焦点始终集中于这一基本问题,具体体现为克服大陆地缘局限、调和东西方冲突、统一海权在军事和经济方面的需求,以及发挥自身特色优势四方面内容。从俄罗斯历史实践来看,其海洋战略基本问题的实现程度直接决定了俄罗斯海洋事业的命运,并进而影响到整个国家战略的发展。经过历史实践的扬弃和发展,当代俄罗斯已确立了解决以上问题的基本立场,海洋战略正在成为其打破现有发展困境,实现俄罗斯国家全面复兴的重要推手。     

俄罗斯联邦生态立法的法典化

法典化的立法形式作为成文法国家生态立法的理想化模式.不仅表明了一国生态立法的发展水平,同时也代表了该国生态立法的发达程度.肇始于20世纪80年代的俄罗斯生态立法法典化运动,为当代俄罗斯生态立法法典编撰奠定了厚重的理论基础和实践尝试.由于俄罗斯特有的法律文化和诸多社会因素的积蓄,又决定了俄罗斯生态立法法典化进程的渐进式发展路径与务实求真态度.作为"国际生态立法趋同化"的全球化过程参与者,俄罗斯又为各国在协调本国"经济发展与生态保护"矛盾方面提供了法律救济的范式.     

19世纪60-80年代俄国境内朝鲜移民法律地位形成的中朝因素探析

19世纪60-80年代,随着俄国积极吸引劳动力开发远东政策的推行,朝鲜移民数量逐年增加,其法律地位亟待确立.在19世纪下半叶东北亚各国利益角逐与权力制衡的背景下,俄国朝鲜移民的法律地位问题不仅关乎俄国自身大计,更牵涉了中朝利益.通过对解密的俄罗斯帝国对外政策档案及相关原始资料的分析,我们认为,中朝两国对俄国积极安置朝鲜移民政策进行了全力抵制,不仅影响了俄国境内朝鲜移民法律地位的形成,还阻止了俄国东北亚战略计划的实施.在中朝两国的反对下,俄国仅部分地确立了其境内朝鲜移民的合法地位,这大大限制了俄国远东地区的朝鲜劳动力数量,破坏了俄国利用朝鲜移民开发远东,并以此为契机渗入朝鲜、角逐东北亚的战略计划.     

俄罗斯提速远东开发战略探析

2012年亚太经合组织峰会于9月8日在远东城市符拉迪沃斯托克（海参崴）举行,这是俄罗斯首次承办该峰会,选在符拉迪沃斯托克举行会议就是要告诉世界俄开发远东的决心。以此为契机,俄开发远东全面加速。俄罗斯远东和西伯利亚虽然资源丰富,却是俄经济发展最落后的地区,与此同时,整个亚太地区的经济发展速度非常强劲。怎样提速远东的发展就成为俄罗斯实现整个国家复兴、实现与亚太地区战略对接的一个关键性问题。     

对俄贸易在黑龙江经济增长中的作用的实证研究

对外贸易在经济增长中的作用一直以来都是经济学界研究的热点问题。本文利用1995—2007年黑龙江对俄贸易及GDP的年度经济数据,使用计量经济学的方法研究了对俄贸易在黑龙江经济增长中的作用。实证结果表明:在黑龙江经济增长中,对俄贸易的促进作用是显著的;进口对于经济增长的促进作用大于出口。     

Social crisis and the formation of medico-social service in Russia

Socio-economic reforms have changed the social life of Russia. A large number of social problems in the transition period has negatively affected the social well-being and health of the nation. The critical situation of the health care system does not allow for the maintenance of the public health of the Russian population at the required level. To solve this problem, it is necessary to improve social services in Russia. The training of medico-social workers is currently being conducted within the system of higher medical education in Russia with the support of the Swedish universities.     

A real threat to the nation's future

The seriousness of the current demographic situation in Russia is reviewed, with the focus on the deteriorating health of the nation's children. The author notes that "a drastically diminished level of reproduction of the population has taken shape in Russia, one in which every generation of children born is smaller in number than the generation of its parents and cannot make up for the loss in population. Such reproduction is characteristic only of Russia, and it is extremely persistent. In 1994, the true coefficient of reproduction of the population fell to figures that are catastrophic in terms of demographic consequences--0.651. Moreover, among the urban population the figure is even lower--0.570. Such an unprecedented low level of reproduction has never before been recorded either in our country or in other countries of the world, even during wartime."     

俄罗斯的社会转型与社会阶层分化

20世纪80年代,俄罗斯社会开始转型,90年代以后,俄罗斯的社会阶层发生了明显的分化。本文主要从以下几个方面描述和分析俄罗斯的社会阶层分化：1、社会收入的差距（包括个人的收入差距,政府各部门之间、社会各行业之间的收入差距,俄罗斯区域间的收入差距）。2、“社会边缘群体”和“新贫困者”。“社会边缘群体”是一些不能确定自己的社会地位和群体归属的“被社会边缘化”的人群。“新贫困者”是指前苏联时期,以教授、工程师和医生等知识分子为主体的社会阶层,俄罗斯社会改革前,他们生活安逸,有很高的社会地位,而现在却生活艰难,变成了俄罗斯的穷人。3、新中产阶级。 俄罗斯在社会政治、经济转型过程中,旧的以知识分子为核心的社会中间阶层消失了,出现了新的以企业主为中心的中产阶级,俄罗斯新中产阶级的出现使俄罗斯的社会阶级结构发生了巨大的变化。     

中国对俄直接投资对中俄贸易的影响

中国对俄直接投资的迅速发展必然会对中俄贸易产生一定的影响.为深入分析中国对俄直接投资的贸易效应,采用面板数据模型,对中国对俄直接投资与进出口之间的关系进行实证研究,并将俄罗斯与中国其他主要投资东道国的情况进行比较分析.结果表明:中国对俄直接投资具有显著的出口创造效应与进口创造效应,且出口创造效应高于进口创造效应;与其他主要投资东道国相比,中国对俄直接投资对出口的促进作用较强,而对进口的促进作用较弱.     

俄罗斯没收财产刑的兴起和衰落

没收财产刑在俄罗斯一直饱受争议,在其法典的修订过程中,经历了一个由存在到废除再到"恢复"的曲线过程。但2006年《俄罗斯刑法典》对没收财产的规定并非恢复了2003年被废除的没收财产刑,而仅是增补了以前刑法典中所没有的特别没收制度的规定,是对特别没收制度的完善而已。     

Popular Humor in the Post-Soviet Period

The question of the uniqueness [svoeobrazie] of Russian philosophy and its distinctive features has been around for more than a century. Since the 1840s, when Russian philosophers set about studying the history of philosophical thought in Russia, the question immediately arose as to whether one could speak of Russian philosophy as a distinctive [samobytnoe] and original phenomenon, or whether it would be more correct to speak of philosophy in Russia, i.e., the existence in Russia of philosophical ideas whose roots lay not in Russia but beyond its borders, while in Russia they are merely disseminated, but not born.     

The Elimination of Illiteracy Among Women in the First Half of the 1920s

As the twentieth century comes to a close, fundamentally new problems are emerging concerning the place of women in the modern world; these problems must be solved if mankind is to progress. At the same time, the present development of the women's movement in Russia cannot be examined in isolation, abstracted from the historical past. Over the course of many decades of the history of our state, the women's movement has acquired abundant experience; it has its own traditions as well as numerous unresolved problems. For our own critical situation in the field of education it is important to consider the historical experience of the work of state bodies and social organizations of Russia among women in the first half of the 1920s.     

Russian Liberalism in the Face of Crisis

The development of liberalism in Russia occurred under substantially different conditions from those in the West. The history of liberalism in the West is already a century old; not only has it acquired there a sufficiently mature theoretical form, but it has even been translated into reality as civil society and the law-governed state. Liberalism cannot be reduced to any specific moral and political movement, but it can be understood as a special type of civilization, in contrast to traditional civilization. In Russia, however, liberalism evolved always under the influence of the highest achievements of Western liberal ideas; it remained an opposition movement, opposing the dominant values of society and supporting the country's transformation into a liberal civilization.     

俄罗斯的10年轮回

从叶利钦当选俄罗斯总统到现在，10年间俄罗斯经历了一个轮回由高度集中到极端民主，再由极端民主走回权威体制。俄罗斯的10年轮回说明，数年的民主化改革并没能从根本上改变俄罗斯，俄罗斯的经济土壤上结不出西方议会民主的政治果实。虽然看起来俄罗斯似乎回到了它原来的出发点，实际上却上升到一个高的层次。     

俄罗斯法治国家思想历史初析

法治国家思想早在 1 8世纪的俄罗斯就萌生了 ,并在 1 9世纪 60年代以后得到迅猛发展 ,到十月革命前后基本成型。俄罗斯所形成的法治国家思想与西方法治思想相比有独特之处。俄罗斯法治国家思想在形成的时间和实践的发展上与西欧法治相比也有相当差距 ,根源在于市场经济及工商社会发展滞后。今天俄罗斯法治国家理论的基本内容在一定程度上是已有俄罗斯法治国家思想的再现。     

关于俄联邦新民法典的一点思考

编纂于20世纪90年代的《俄联邦民法典》是俄罗斯十几年政治、经济改革的经验总结,在私法领域中标志着计划经济向市场经济的过渡,标志着私法自治精神在民法上的回归,为俄罗斯经济和社会的全面发展提供了必要的法律基础和制度保障。但由于传统与现代因素的综合作用,新民法典在未来的朝向中任重道远。我国制定21世纪的新民法典必须崇扬私法自治精神,但如何克服俄联邦新民法典中残留的公法因素,培育和发展作为私法自治基础的市民社会,以及如何协调强制性规范和任意性规范的设置,实现私法自治目标也是我国制定民法典时应当审慎思考的问题。     

Dynamics of the Russian Television Audience

Access to television programs in Russia has been increasing in recent years, and is now virtually universal. But the development of different modes of access (cable, pay-per-view, etc.) is stratifying audiences, and this is a trend that is likely to continue as new delivery technologies become available.     

On the Social Actors in the Modernization of Russia

The modernization of Russia will require a more politically organized and active business class if there is to be a reduction in corruption and other barriers to the growth of a modern economy. Research data from a study of students in an MBA course, however, do not suggest that the new generation of businesspeople in Russia is prepared for this role.     

Abortion: A Social-Psychological Perspective

More than most medical procedures, abortion is embedded in a social context that has implications for psychological reactions of patients. Following a brief history of legislation and research on abortion, correlates of post-abortion reponses are reviewed. A social-psychological framework is suggested which views abortion as a stress experience. Responses to the experience will be a function of the nature and meaning of the pregnancy to the individual woman, her defensive and coping style, and the social environment surrounding the abortion experience. Psychological effects of the procedure on the partner and on health professionals who perform abortions are also considered.     

1851-1917年中国文化在俄罗斯的传播

中国文化在俄国的传播由来已久.鸦片战争后,随着中俄两国社会性质的变化,俄国对中国文学及先秦诸子百家思想的研究及著作的翻译明显增多.其中,瓦西里耶夫和托尔斯泰是最具代表性的人物.