未成年犯罪社区矫正的理论视角与路径选择

未成年人犯罪成为继环境污染、毒品泛滥之后的第三大社会公害,引起世界各国的广泛关注。目前,社区矫正逐渐成为处理未成年人犯罪的有效途径。未成年犯罪社区矫正工作既要注重从人类行为和社会环境关系、系统理论视角去分析其犯罪诱因,也要将众多社会工作理论模式寓于社区矫正过程中,增强未成年人与其社会环境之间关系的适应性。未成年犯罪社区矫正注重未成年人自身适应能力增强、家庭系统功能完善,更关注社区矫正的预防、治疗及矫正康复整体功能的实现。未成年犯罪社区矫正工作,不能单从处理未成年犯罪问题这个单一角度和层次去理解,而应该全面、多层次地去工作,建构一个令未成年人在各方面都可以得到支援的社会环境,最终能够有效地实现预防和减少未成年犯罪问题的目标。     

拐卖儿童罪：设刑与动刑--兼论“轻处”倾向的背后因素

针对拐卖儿童罪的重刑吁请,从设刑上,中国《刑法》已为该罪配置了足够重的法定刑,在与100个具有代表性的法域针对该行为的法定刑设置对比上,中国为本罪配置的法定刑仍属重刑之列;从动刑上,司法实践中对于拐卖儿童罪绝对重刑的比值虽然较高,但在本罪与其同罪异体的拐卖妇女罪以及盗窃、诈骗、绑架罪等11个犯罪相对重刑的对比中,发现法官群体针对本罪存在相对“轻处”的倾向,而隐藏于背后的父母同意情况下犯罪人拐卖儿童罪的高比重情况,可以对此倾向予以解释。     

女性犯罪特点及防控

女性犯罪是影响家庭和谐及社会稳定的重要因素。近年来,女性犯罪呈现逐渐上升趋势,且超过同期的男性犯罪增长率。为有效预防具有增长势头的女性犯罪,应全面加强法制教育和道德教育,提高女性就业率和经济地位,发挥社区保障功能,努力营造健康的社会文化环境、和谐的家庭氛围。     

试述北魏宗室阶层的犯罪类型

北魏宗室阶层是政权的柱石、统治集团的核心,在政治和社会领域里享受充分的特权,北魏时期的法律反映了宗室特权的主要方面.由于拓跋鲜卑历经由游牧部落向文明国家阶段的跃进,宗室成员在身份角色的转换过程中不可避免地会与国家法制和名教礼法发生冲突,表现为具体的犯罪行为.北魏宗室非违主要有政治犯罪、职务犯罪、刑事犯罪和悖逆纲常伦理四类.各类罪行的时间分布特点和惩治力度集中反映出宗室生存境遇的改变和王朝政局的走势.     

简论职务犯罪控制的几种模式

一些国家在反腐败和惩治职务犯罪的实践中积累了各具特色的成功经验。如道德教化、高薪养廉、法律严密、赋权惩治、政治透明、正本“浚源”等模式。注意多种措施的综合运用 ,正在成为当今世界反贪浪潮中引人注目的一种有效对策而受到越来越多的国家的青睐 ,只有对职务犯罪进行综合治理 ,才能达到标本兼治的目的。     

Opposition to the Legitimacy of Hate Crime Laws: The Role of Argument Acceptance, Knowledge, Individual Differences, and Peer Influence

Hate crime laws are a highly controversial legal approach in society's response to intergroup violence. Argument acceptance, knowledge, and individual differences were examined in relationship to attitudes about these laws. These variables were also considered in terms of efforts to influence a peer's beliefs about hate crime laws. One-hundred and sixty-seven participants completed a measure of knowledge of human rights laws, Gough's Pr scale, the Selznick and Steinberg anti-Semitism scale, and Cuellar's Machismo scale. Hate crime attitudes were measured on an affect rating scale and six statements reflecting arguments favoring and opposing hate crime laws. Peer influence was examined on Interpersonal Power Inventory (IPI). Results showed that while most participants endorsed positive attitudes about hate crime laws, men—and both women and men who endorsed machismo attitudes—were more likely to agree with media distortion and identity politics arguments opposing hate crime laws. The Pr and machismo scales predicted greater effort on the IPI to influence peer attitudes about hate crime laws, after controlling for demographic differences of the participants. These findings indicate that more explicitly biased individuals were more effortful in trying to change the attitudes of peers concerning the legitimacy of hate crime laws.     

程序法视野中的犯罪现场勘查

犯罪现场勘查是侦查活动的起点,其成功与否直接关系到起诉、审判等程序。然而,在我国司法实践中,犯罪现场勘查的工作是比较粗糙的。此外,现场勘查中所采集到的证据的证明力和证据能力等问题也有待立法加以明确。     

扩大洗钱犯罪的上游犯罪刍论

洗钱罪的上游犯罪,是指具有洗钱性质的基础犯罪。中国刑法关于洗钱罪的上游犯罪仅仅限制在毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的犯罪、走私犯罪和恐怖活动犯罪四类犯罪。因范围过窄,导致在其他犯罪中,即使存在着完全相同的洗钱行为,也不能以洗钱罪定罪量刑。因而很难达到"罪刑相适"的立法诉求和形势发展的实践要求。因此,必须适时扩大洗钱罪的上游犯罪的范围,将清洗一切严重犯罪所得及其收益的行为都认定为洗钱罪的上游犯罪,才能有效地打击洗钱行为。     

黑客现象及其法文化意蕴

黑客问题是网络时代的产物 ,是法学研究者急需探讨的新课题。从概念入手 ,对黑客的各种定义予以归纳 ,并得出了自己的基本见解———黑客并不是破坏者 ,而只是闯入者。接着 ,文章从法律的特有视角描述了黑客行为发展的历史轨迹 ,并梳理了中国黑客现象的五大基本特征 ,即 :以网络安全技术为名 ;特别强调遵守法律 ;重视文化建设性向度 ;红客现象引人注目和黑客犯罪的日益突出。在此基础上 ,进而提炼出黑客现象在法律基础观念、法律价值评判及法律规制模式三个方面深刻的法文化意蕴     

社会转型期利益关系法律调整的实然性分析

社会转型本质上是利益关系的调整时期。在这一时期几乎所有的社会矛盾追根溯源都可以归结到利益分配和利益关系这个根本点上来。面对这种现实,我们必须建构与之相适应的、完善的法律调整机制和手段,对各种利益关系进行合理的调整。即在法制建设过程中,我们不仅要对各种既成的利益关系进行确认和保护,而且还要通过揭示各种不同的利益之间的矛盾,结合社会发展的趋势,对各种利益关系做出取舍、平衡和协调,并把平衡和协调的结果规定在相应的法律之中,以充分调动各利益主体的积极性,抑制和消解可能出现的各种不稳定因素。     

论“安乐死”的可行性

“安乐死”一直是备受法学界、医学界、宗教界等关注的世界性问题。对于“安乐死”,有赞成和反对两种截然不同的观点。各国的法律也对“安乐死”采取不同的态度,有的法律上允许“安乐死”,有的在法律上把安乐死当成是故意谋杀罪。本文主要是从法律角度来说明“安乐死”在法律上不应该是一种犯罪,它对社会、个人具有积极的意义,以及“安乐死”的社会基础来分析“安乐死”具有可行性,同时也探索了“安乐死”的立法问题。     

内幕交易罪之规范理论的比较研究——以美、日与中国台湾地区为对象

由于内幕交易行为在外观上与一般的证券买卖交易并无不同,但刑法上却将内幕交易行为当作犯罪来处罚,所以对于其刑事规范理论的依据何在值得探讨。但是因为内幕交易具有内部性,对于内幕人员获知与利用内幕信息的内幕交易行为,在区别究竟属于合法的证券投资与违法的内幕交易时就产生了难点。因此有必要借鉴美、日与中国台湾地区等关于内幕交易罪的刑事规制经验,从立法与司法实践方面来探讨内幕交易罪的刑事规范理论基础,以澄清内幕人员与内幕信息的规制范围与犯罪构成特征。     

Study of the Criminal Personality from the Materials of Criminological Research

We are all aware of the vast practical and scientific significance of the problem of studying and preventing crime and of researching its causes and the conditions giving rising to it. That is why one of the principal provisions of Soviet criminal procedure is the demand that the reasons and conditions making possible the commission of the crime be determined in each criminal case, and that measures be taken to eliminate them. But if the most characteristic, the most typical features in the development of criminality are to be discovered, and if its essential causes and conditions are to be determined (and this is a most important task of criminology), we cannot rely upon the study of individual cases and persons. Because these typical, essential characteristics in the realm of criminality manifest themselves in the form of statistical regularities, criminology must therefore make use of the statistical method on the very largest scale, i.e., it must base its conclusions upon mass-scale observations.     

Culturalising the Abject: Islam,Law and Moral Panic in the West

This paper explores the construction of Islam as abject and the symbolic positioning of Muslims as being outside secular modernity in Australia through an analysis of the way the criminal legal process and perceptions of criminality are culturalised. The empirical focus is gang rape and the trials of Muslim youth on gang rape charges in Sydney between 2000–2003 which quickly became culturally inflected as ‘Muslim’ and ‘Lebanese’ by media reporting of the criminal trials and moral panic about them as source of social menace. Three dimensions of culturalisation of crime and the criminalisation of culture are identified in the criminal legal process and media reporting of it; firstly the cultural inflection of new laws against gang rape by their association with particular events and trials; secondly the introduction of ‘cultural defence’ by the accused as a mitigating factor in the criminal legal process; thirdly, media reporting and commentary on criminal cases which emphasize cultural explanations for individual criminal behaviour.     

Understanding the Harm of Hate Crime

This article provides an overview of the context and content of this issue devoted to hate crime. Working definitions of hate crime and hate speech are situated within the broader context of intergroup relations, prejudice, aggression, and law and social policy. Theory and research from social psychology, criminology, and legal studies are utilized to describe this context. We present summaries of the multidisciplinary contributions to this issue and note how these articles emphasize the origins of hate crime, the harm that it creates, and victims' and society's response to hate crime. They also highlight tensions between the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. Finally, we note the interrelationships among these contributions and discuss the policy implications that arise from their analyses.     

疑罪赔偿实现正义的困境

疑罪案件是存在罪案事实,但犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪事实不清、证据不足,其案处于不能证实,也不能证伪状态,在法律上被推定为无罪人的案件。一般表现为撤销案件、不起诉、无罪判决、疑罪从挂等情况。疑罪案件赔与不赔,处于两难,可能还与责任追究挂钩,因此,在我国一直饱受争议。我国的国家赔偿法适用违法与结果的多元归责,实行利于犯罪嫌疑人的赔偿程序,"疑罪从挂"也可获得赔偿,我国正在形成提高侦办质量的倒逼机制。但疑罪案件不可避免,要减少它难,判无罪者则易。疑罪赔偿实现正义具有悖论,其机制是否适度,还需接受实践检验。     

Framing the Other: Criminality, Social Exclusion and Social Engineering in Developing Singapore

This paper examines the issue of criminality as it is expressed in social policy in Singapore. This small South-east Asian country is characterized by great social and ethnic diversity, high rates of economic growth, but low crime rates. The relationship between these is pursued by examining the authoritarian political system and the social policies that have arisen from this to socialize and discipline the ethnically disparate and class-divided population. A brief survey of the social structure of Singapore, the role of colonialism in shaping the legal system, the legal measures introduced during the pre-independent anti-colonial and anti-communist struggles and the adoption of many of these by the new government of independent Singapore as weapons of social control introduces the paper. This is followed by an examination of the single-minded pursuit of developmentalism and security in the post-independent period and of the emergence of crime in political discourse as the paradigm of social disorder and self-exclusion from the developmental state, and the relationship of these to the dominant political problem of the management of ethnicity and social differences expressed as concern with classification, a commitment to socio-biology and the constant attempts to define a field of "Asian values" based on a local reading of Confucianism as the basis of social cohesion. The essay concludes with a discussion of the relationship between Singaporean images of social order and the pursuit of a distinctive form of positivist modernism and the question of whether a "Singapore model" is applicable elsewhere in the world.     

The Life Trajectories of Young People at Different Stages of Education

Statistics on crime and violence in Russia show that there is a crisis in the moral order and a significant deficit in self-control in Russian culture and society, which has been termed a state of moral degradation. This situation needs to be urgently changed through legal and other forms of social control, aimed in particular at young Russians.     

Problems with the theory of anti-value acts： including a discussion with professor Zhou Guangquan

行为无价值论与结果无价值论的争论具有重要意义。行为无价值论的主要缺陷在于：强调犯罪的规范违反性，与保护法益的刑法目的相冲突；突出刑法的行为规制机能，偏离了罪刑法定主义的实质；普遍承认主观的违法要素，导致认定犯罪的整体性，既混淆了违法性与有责性，也不利于区分未遂犯与不能犯，且不利于贯彻共犯从属性说；注重主观的正当化要素，不仅未能限制刑罚适用，反而扩大了处罚范围；采取规则功利主义，导致过度干预国民的行为。结果无价值论在防止过度干预、采取自由主义原则的同时，将违反刑法目的的事态作为禁止的对象，不仅能够克服行为无价值论的缺陷，而且可以在实现报应正义的同时，实现特殊预防与一般预防。     

Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing: Do Effects Vary Across Violent,Property, and Drug Offenses?*

Objective. Many studies find that females benefit from their gender in sentencing decisions. Few researchers, however, address whether the gender‐sentencing association might be stronger for some crimes, such as minor nonviolent offending, and weaker for other offenses, such as serious violent crime. Method. Using a large random sample of convicted offenders in Texas drawn from a statewide project on sentencing practices mandated by the 73rd Texas Legislature, logistic regression and OLS regression analyses of likelihood of imprisonment and prison length illustrate the importance of looking at sentencing outcomes not only in terms of gender but also in terms of crime type. Results. Specifically, we find that the effect of gender on sentencing does vary by crime type, but not in a consistent or predicted fashion. For both property and drug offending, females are less likely to be sentenced to prison and also receive shorter sentences if they are sentenced to prison. For violent offending, however, females are no less likely than males to receive prison time, but for those who do, females receive substantially shorter sentences than males. Conclusions. We conclude that such variation in the gender‐sentencing association across crime type is largely due to features of Texas' legal code that channel the level of discretion available to judges depending on crime type and whether incarceration likelihood or sentence length is examined.