Predictors of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sports Context

This study examined antisocial and prosocial behavior of N = 439 adolescent athletes between 14 and 17 years of age (67 teams). Multi‐level analyses showed that team membership explained 20 and 13 percent of the variance in antisocial and prosocial behavior in the sports context, respectively. The team effects suggest that aggregating antisocial or prosocial adolescents within teams may partially explain differences in antisocial and prosocial behavior among athletes in the sports context. A trend was found toward a relation between higher levels of moral reasoning within teams, and less antisocial behavior in the sports context. Favorable moral atmosphere was positively associated with more prosocial behavior in the sports context. Finally, supportive coach–athlete relationships were associated with both less antisocial and more prosocial behavior in the sports context.     

Digraph Competitions and Cooperative Games

Digraph games are cooperative TU-games associated to domination structures which can be modeled by directed graphs. Examples come from sports competitions or from simple majority win digraphs corresponding to preference profiles in social choice theory. The Shapley value, core, marginal vectors and selectope vectors of digraph games are characterized in terms of so-called simple score vectors. A general characterization of the class of (almost positive) TU-games where each selectope vector is a marginal vector is provided in terms of game semi-circuits. Finally, applications to the ranking of teams in sports competitions and of alternatives in social choice theory are discussed.     

论俄罗斯思想的语言维度

俄罗斯思想作为俄罗斯民族意识的表达存在多个维度。潜藏于俄罗斯文学之中的俄罗斯思想为人们提供了认识生活秘密的视角;而对于历史文本而言,俄罗斯思想隐藏于"莫斯科-第三罗马"的话语之中。但构成上述维度的源文本是语言,所以语言维度是打开俄罗斯思想作为哲学思维之门的一把钥匙。文章通过对俄语"思想"一词的词源和意义的深度探索来分析俄罗斯思想的哲学叙事和日常生活叙事两种功能。     

The "Special Path" and the Social Order in Today's Russia

Research data show that Russians still strongly adhere to the notion of a uniquely Russian path as a source of identity, but that this sense of uniqueness is based more on a negative view of the other than a positive view of the contents of Russian uniqueness. This view reinforces a degree of Russian isolation from the outside world, a sense of being surrounded by hostile forces, and a rejection of the West.     

A Contractarian Approach to Pareto Efficiency in Teams: A Note

We show that if identical members first decide on the sharing technology (stage I) taking into account their subsequent effort supply (stage II) decisions, the resulting contractarian sharing technology (constitution) channels individual self-seeking towards team (Pareto) optimum. Voting with one's feet and open entry can ensure symmetry and majoritarian decision making in the real world teams. The model helps explain the differential performance of the Israeli Kibbutz and the Russian Kolkhoz.     

Do we follow others when we should outside the lab? Evidence from the AP top 25

We use data from the Associated Press college American football poll to analyze two types of ex-post optimality of social learning in a non-lab setting. The poll is a weekly subjective ranking of the top 25 teams, voted on by over 60 sports journalists. Voters potentially can learn from their peers by observing the aggregate ranks before updating their individual ranks. Our results indicate that, while voters do learn from their peers to some extent, the informativeness of peer ranks appears to be under-valued.     

Stock Market Efficiency: An Institutional Approach

Arbitman examines a particular strand of current Russian pulp fiction that portrays the United States as the source of all Russia's contemporary misfortunes but relies heavily on the works of writers such as Tom Clancy and Robert Ludlum.     

Influence of positive development opportunities on student well-being,depression and suicide risk: the New Zealand Youth Health and Well-being Survey 2012

This study explores the association between neighbourhood opportunities for Positive Youth Development (PYD) and adolescent depressive symptoms, well-being and suicide risk. A 2-stage random sample of 8500 students(years 9–13) from 91 high schools from throughout New Zealand was collected in 2012. Analyses were restricted to neighbourhoods with more than 10 students resulting in a final sample of 5191 adolescents within 266 neighbourhoods. Multilevel models linked data from neighbourhoods to individual student data to explore the association between neighbourhood opportunities for PYD and student depressive symptoms, well-being and suicide risk. Neighbourhoods with a high proportion of students involved in activities that help others, attend church groups, or participate in sports teams were associated with significantly increased well-being among students living in these neighbourhoods. No neighbourhood-level measures were found to significantly alter rates of depressive symptoms or suicide risk. Findings suggest that providing neighbourhood opportunities for PYD may enhance adolescent well-being.     

Social Service Teams and their Managers

Summary A study is reported of the perceived effectiveness of teamsof social workers and their managers. Prior studies are reviewedand shown to give disproportionate emphasis to the supervisionelement in the manager's task. It is shown that in the sampleof teams studied the correlates of perceived team effectivenesswere quite different in area teams from those found in socialwork teams. Social work teams required a manager who was primarilysupportive, whereas in area teams the manager's role was foundto be less important than were group process variables.     

The effect of services coordination teams on outcomes for children in state custody

The author describes the results of a quasi-experimental study of the effects of interorganizational services coordination teams on the quality and outcomes of services to children in state custody. The findings suggest that services coordination teams improve access to services and enhance service outcomes. Children served by services coordination teams were more likely to be placed in less restrictive residential settings, more like to be placed in settings appropriate to their levels of psycho-social functioning, and more likely to receive needed services from the state's mental health system. Moreover, those children with the most serious externalizing problem (i.e., aggressive, antisocial) behavior made more progress when served by services coordination teams.     

中国大地哺育的俄罗斯诗人:瓦列里·彼列列申

:瓦列里·彼列列申是旅居哈尔滨的著名俄侨诗人 ,远东俄侨文学的杰出代表。他在侨居国外的几十年时间里创作了大量的诗歌 ,出版了多部诗集 ,在世界诗坛上享有盛誉。彼列列申的诗歌表达了流亡俄侨诗人的思想情绪 ,反映了他们的悲哀和痛苦心态。光明与黑暗、绝望与信仰、自我谴责与祈求神灵之间的矛盾是贯穿他的诗歌的基本主题。彼列列申在艺术上继承了俄国古典诗歌的优秀传统 ,还受到阿克梅派的一定影响。他在中国的许多诗作都是中俄文化融合的成果     

创业团队形成与演进过程的理论分析

20世纪90年代,在发现研究创业者个体难以客观、全面地剖析创业者对创业活动的作用规律之后,学者们将研究的焦点转向创业团队。本文围绕"什么是创业团队""创业团队如何形成""在新企业生成与成长过程中,创业团队如何演进"三个问题,系统梳理了创业团队的研究文献,并从创业团队组建逻辑、创业团队构成、创业团队过程和创业团队成员变动四个视角探索创业团队的形成和演进过程,进而提出未来的研究方向。     

This Harlem life: black families and everyday life in the 1920s and 1930s

This article uses Probation Department files to reconstruct the lives of five ordinary residents of Harlem. It highlights what that black metropolis offered those outside the political and cultural elite, who have dominated historical scholarship, showing how ordinary blacks negotiated the challenges of life in northern neighborhoods, and drew on institutions and organizations, to establish and sustain new lives. We offer the kind of individualized perspective on everyday life that other scholars have provided for high culture, but which does not exist for other realms of existence in Harlem, even in early twentieth century sociological studies of black life. Where scholars seeking to distinguish the neighborhood from a slum have pointed to the prevailing pride and self-confidence of its residents, this article directs attention to more immediate, concrete supports that sustained and enriched life in Harlem. Relationships with spouses, children, siblings and cousins sustained individuals faced with the social reality of living in overcrowded, deteriorating, disease infested housing, subject to the racism of white police, politicians and employers; so too did friendships made in nightclubs, speakeasies, dances and movie theatres, and membership of churches, fraternal organizations, social clubs, and sports clubs and teams.     

冷战后俄罗斯反美主义的形成及其根源研究

冷战后俄罗斯的反美主义主要表现为温和型反美主义、混合型反美主义、极端型反美主义三大特点。俄罗斯反美主义的形成,从内部看有三大根源:意识形态根源、国内政治根源与国内经济根源。从外部看,俄罗斯反美主义主要是美国外交政策尤其是削俄弱俄政策、挤压俄罗斯战略空间及介入独联体事务的结果。     

简论东正教文化对俄语语言的影响

东正教统治俄罗斯千余年,对俄语语言的影响广泛而深远。从成语看,大量来自东正教的成语已成为俄语标准语,无旧词的痕迹,宗教色彩淡化或消失,已获得新义或转义。从谚语看,含有上帝等词的谚语众多,已成为农谚、民谚的来源,语义发生极大变化。从词汇看,加快了俄语对外来词的吸收进程,丰富了俄语词汇的语义系统,赋予俄语全民用词以新的内涵。通过分析东正教文化对俄语成语、谚语、词汇三个方面的影响,可以帮助我们深入了解俄罗斯国情与文化,为跨文化交际服务。     

俄罗斯联邦行政程序制度述评

行政程序制度是俄罗斯联邦行政法学体系中正在形成和完善的一部分内容 ,相对于前苏联的行政程序制度已经有了较大的发展。俄罗斯行政法学者从研究行政程序的基本概念入手 ,从理论上和词语规范上理清了行政程序、行政司法程序、行政诉讼程序等基本问题 ;以 2 0 0 1年制定的《俄罗斯联邦行政违法法典》为范例 ,行政程序的原则经历了由维护国家管理向规范行政权、保障公民权的回归 ;与俄罗斯联邦建设法治国家的目标相统一 ,必将尽快结束行政诉讼与民事诉讼程序合而为一的状况 ,制定独立的行政诉讼法典 ;建立具有特色的行政法院体系或在普通法院体系中建立相对独立的行政法庭 ,是未来俄罗斯联邦行政程序制度的发展趋势。     

All-Encompassing Paranoia

The Russian state has over the last five years gradually increased its ability to control the Internet. Russian Internet companies recognize that in order to continue to work in Russia they have to be willing to help state security and to exert pressure on foreign IT companies. The ability of the Russian government to secure the Internet is limited by the openness of Russian society and of the Russian Internet itself. While the government has so far not succeeded in countering this openness, it is likely to continue to try, as the priority is now on securing the regime against external and internal threats rather than ensuring the personal security of Russians.     

“Locals” and “Cosmopolitans”

An analysis is provided of the results of a study of the scholarly productivity of Russian doctors of science in the middle generation who work within the Russian Academy of Sciences system. We show that the scholars’ achievements on the international versus domestic Russian arenas are not only different, but are also only weakly related. This gives reason to conclude that the competencies and social capital of scholars that facilitate their achievements inside the country and abroad are different, and sometimes even alternatives to each other. We also reveal that scholarly citation indexes are insufficient to evaluate domestic Russian achievements by scholars, while the evaluation of their international achievements is much more accurate.     

北京后奥运时代我国体育改革的路径选择

本文提出北京后奥运时代我国体育改革的路径,自上而下的政府主导的强制性体育体制改革与自下而上的社会选择的引导性体育体制改革相结合、整体的渐进性体育体制改革和局部的激进性体育体制改革相结合的方式。     

Education and the Orthodox Religion

The Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church discusses the role of the church in Russian society and politics, and argues against giving other religions a place in the school curriculum.