Challenging Stereotypes in Treatment of the Homeless Alcoholic and Addict: Creating Freedom Through Structure in Large Groups

This paper challenges stereotypes that influence treatment of the alcoholic and addicted homeless population. It describes a method used to work with this population that was developed when group membership rose to 30 to 45 and became too large for "traditional" small-group approaches.     

北京话的“您”与京味儿文化

汉语普通话第二人称代词尊称"您"的用法源于北京话。"您"在北京话中是一个具有明示权势关系、凸显京味儿文化双重意义的尊称代词,在交际中不仅普遍使用,而且显示出鲜明的地域文化特色。本文依据《当代北京口语语料》,在对北京话"您"的用法的描写与分析基础上,进一步探讨京味儿文化对北京话"您"的使用所产生的影响。     

GROUP WORKING AT ST. CHARLES

Youth treatment centers were set up as a "last resort" for dealing with very difficult young people on the basis of treatment in security. This paper describes one such center and, using material from personal experience, demonstrates the daily procedures of group living in which group work is a continuous, never-ending process.     

解决中国收入分配问题的对策研究

中国收入分配问题虽然从总体上表现为贫富差距的拉大,但事实上却是一个双重复杂的问题:不仅收入分配状态呈现多种格局,而且造成每一种分配格局的原因也极为不同.因此,要解决中国的收入分配问题,不仅要对收入分配的现状有精确描述,而且要对不同的分配格局进行原因分析,在此基础上才可能提出类似于“靶向疗法”的治理对策研究和综合治理对策...     

论政治文化传统与印度外交思想的二元性

作为一个具有悠久历史的文明古国,印度外交思想的雏形在其传统政治文化中就能找到渊源。印度政治文化不仅囊括具有现实主义取向的"考底利耶主义"与激进的"斯瓦拉吉"思想,也包含具有崇高道义法则的"法胜"思想与"非暴力"思想。本文从历史、地理、宗教精神及广义的文化等五个方面探讨印度二元性政治文化的来源,并阐述这种政治文化的特征。在政治文化传统的影响下,印度形成了独具特色的外交思想。     

Monitoring the Integrative Complexity of American and Soviet Policy Rhetoric: What Can Be Learned?

Research psychologists cannot tell us the ultimate motives behind Soviet foreign policy or the true causes of the cold war. They can, however, use content analysis methods with records of successful application in other contexts to explore the links between rhetoric and action in American-Soviet relations. This article describes a series of studies on the integrative complexity of American and Soviet foreign policy rhetoric. An ongoing time-series study (1945–1986) reveals a variety of determinants of policy rhetoric: the rhetoric of the other side, impending or current policy initiatives, American presidential election campaigns, and changes in both the American and Soviet leadership. The paper also describes preliminary work on the integrative complexity of statements of key Soviet leaders on economic and foreign policy issues, demonstrating that the current Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, is significantly more complex than either his immediate predecessors or his traditionalist rivals for the leadership. The article considers implications of the "Gorbachev effect" for our understanding of domestic Soviet politics and for designing American policy toward the Soviet Union.     

Understanding and Addressing Contemporary Racism: From Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity Model

This article describes our collaborative research on aversive racism and a strategy we developed to combat it, the Common Ingroup Identity Model. In addition, we reveal some details about our personal and professional relationship in pursuit of our scientific agenda. We begin by discussing evidence for the existence of aversive racism, a subtle, unintentional form bias that can have pernicious effects. Then we review research concerning how a common ingroup identity can combat aversive racism by redirecting the forces of social categorization and social identity, such that "Us" and "Them" are regarded as "We." We conclude with a brief discussion of where we may look next for clues toward helping to achieve a fairer, more just society.     

The economics and politics of retirement incomes policy in Australia

The process of adjustment to the changing demographic balance in Australia over recent years has resulted infrequent and complex changes in Australia's retirement income arrangements. Many people have found great difficulty in understanding how these new arrangements are supposed to work. This article describes some of these recent changes and the factors that triggered them. It also examines what the elderly's reactions to these changes indicate about the nature of the "politics of ageing". Beginning with an overview of population ageing in Australia, it then briefly outlines the major features of the country's retirement income system. This is followed by an examination of the factors that triggered the recent changes in retirement income arrangements. The last section describes the political response of Australia's elderly to these changes.     

ENHANCING SELF-CONCEPT AND IDENTIFICATION WITH "INDIANNESS" OF AMERICAN INDIAN GIRLS

The article describes a group work approach for enhancing self-concept and identification with "Indianess" of American Indian girls. An activity-discussion framework was utilized. Group members participated in a group format which consisted of Americant Indian activities and related discussions. Group members gained skills in performing a number of American Indian activities while developing a greater appreciation of their cultural heritage. Evaluation of the group experience indicated positive reactions frotn participants, parents, and group leaders.     

THE USE OF GROUPS IN DAY CENTERS FOR OLDER ADULTS

The paper describes groups currently used as the treatment of choice in a day center for older adults. It utilizes a framework of four group categories that have been developed and adapted to serve the needs of the impaired elderly population in a rehabilitalion orientated day center. The author supports the use of groups as "social treatment" and supplies examples of a number of group interactions as evidence of the effectiveness of group treatment for older isolated people.     

池莉小说的"新写实"特征

青年女作家池莉之所以引起当代文学评论家的注目,就在于她的小说创作诱发了“新写实主义”的文学潮流。在分析池莉小说的审美特征后,可以发现,池莉的”新写实”小说既不同于传统现实主义,又有别于现实主义创作流派,在题材选取、人物塑造、叙述方式、语言运用等方面形成了独特的艺术品格。池莉用平民意识关注现实生活,描写世俗百姓在物欲压抑下的生存困境和精神苦闷,真实地再现了20世纪八九十年代中国平民阶层的生存状态。     

The Post-Soviet States

The author argues that despite important differences among the post-Soviet states it still makes sense to regard them as constituting a single region because they share the corrupt and stagnant social system of "post-Soviet capitalism." He describes the distinguishing marks of this system and considers how it can be overcome.     

The production of "criminals" in Finland in the 1980s

The article describes from the constructionist starting-point the quantitative development of people sentenced to prison for the first time in the 1980s in Finland. The reasons for and consequences of this development are also examined. The data consist of a register that covers all the decisions given by the Finnish lower courts of justice for the period 1977–1991. The basic observation is that the number of Finnish people defined for the first time as "criminals" decreased by about 20% in the 1980s. However, at the same time the penal system has increased its efficiency: the number of registered crimes and sentences has grown considerably. This has led to a more rapid circulation of "criminals" between prison and the outside. At the same time, the death rate of those labeled as criminals has increased in all age groups, which indicates the growing marginalization of that diminishing group.     

Juggling and Dealing: The Creative Work of Care Package Purchasing

In conventional diagrams of the new service delivery process, assessment of need is linked to purchase by a single line or arrow; the implication is that purchase follows more or less logically and directly from assessment. This paper focuses on the complex creative work that goes on in the "space" between assessment of need and purchase of service, and the changing influences on that work. "Purchase" is deconstructed to reveal the complex processes and calculations involved, and the ways in which budgets "free" resources and markets influence the final outcome. The paper describes the effects on care package construction and purchase of changing policies, budget arrangements and financial limits; it goes on to outline the difficulties and complications in using information on unit costs in purchasing. Unit costs are only part of a complex equation in which prices are negotiated and total cost juggled in the context of budgets, financial limits, real accessibility and balanced by quality considerations. It is suggested that talk of "playing shops" and use of "off-the-shelf" services underestimates the complexity of care package construction and purchase. Micro-purchase of care services has more in common with dealing and juggling than with lifting standardized, packaged, pre-priced goods off shelves in Sainsbury's.     

北京市独生子女生育意愿调查分析

本研究结合 2 0 0 2年“北京市个人生育意愿问卷调查” ,推算目前我市累计出生的独生子女总量与结构 ,描述独生子女生育观念变化的现状 ,分析形成独生子女生育意愿的主要因素。探讨他们在生育子女数量、性别偏好、婚育时间上的选择倾向 ,以及将对北京市人口发展规模所构成的影响。     

泰国企业所得税制度及其现存问题探析

泰国政府于2011年颁布了第530号皇家法令,规定了降低企业所得税税率的政策,但该政策在泰国学界引起了很大争议。通过全面介绍泰国企业所得税制度,阐明了第530号法令规定的减税政策所造成的影响及泰国企业所得税制度存在的其他相关问题,提出了解决问题的方法。     

重庆市城市社区心理卫生现状调查及其对策思考

本文通过问卷调查、现场走访等方式,分析、描述了设为直辖市后重庆主城区社区居民心理健康观念、社区心理健康教育状况及其成因。作者认为,在现代社会,由于生活节奏的加快,各种竞争的加剧,人们在享受不断丰富的物质生活的同时,精神生活方面却越来越觉得并不十分完美,“亚健康”成为一个相当普遍的社会问题,增加人文关怀,进行城市社区心理健康教育,建立心理危机干预系统就显得很有必要。     

Sigsearch: a new term for post hoc unplanned search for statistically significant relationships with the intent to create publishable findings

Post-hoc secondary data analysis with no prespecified hypotheses has been discouraged by textbook authors and journal editors alike. Unfortunately no single term describes this phenomenon succinctly. I would like to coin the term "sigsearch" to define this practice and bring it within the teaching lexicon of statistics courses. Sigsearch would include any unplanned, post-hoc search for statistical significance using multiple comparisons of subgroups. It would also include data analysis with outcomes other than the prespecified primary outcome measure of a study as well as secondary data analyses of earlier research.     

Turning the Car Inside Out: Transport, Equity and Environment

"Turning the car inside out" describes how the environmental damage and social exclusion inflicted by the car can only be seen from outside the car. It explains how car use has reshaped land, time use, social relations and economic patterns. It creates ever more pressures for increased car use, yet inevitably leaves the people temporarily or permanently excluded from cars having to negotiate car distances and times. The worst scenario of car saturation is rejected as untenable both because of the permanent social and environmental impact, but also the self-defeating nature of the quest for mobility.     

A Series of Single Case Design Clinical Evaluations of an Ericksonian Hypnotic Intervention Used with Clinical Anxiety

This article describes three single case design evaluations of an Ericksonian hypnotic intervention used with anxiety problems. The first study, carried out in a community mental health center, involved a 17-year-old female high school student experiencing problems classifiable under DSM-III criteria as "agoraphobia with panic attacks" and "generalized anxiety" and utilized an integration of a withdrawal and an alternating treatments single case design. The second study, also carried out in a community mental health center, involved a 39-year-old woman experiencing difficulties classifiable as "agoraphobia with panic attacks." This study employed an A-B1-B2-B3-B2 single case design. In these two studies the treatment variable was manipulated as if it were "withdrawable." The third study, in which the treatment variable was manipulated as if it were not withdrawable, involved a 76-year-old woman and a 27-year-old man. The woman was experiencing difficulties classifiable under DSM-III criteria as "agoraphobia with panic attacks." The young man experienced difficulties classifiable as "panic disorder" and "generalized anxiety disorder." The third study employed a multiple baseline across subjects and A-B single case designs. The possible causal role played by the Ericksonian hypnotic intervention is discussed in light of the convergence of results and the methodological limitations of each of the clinical studies. Possible characteristics of the treatment variable are also discussed.