Loose women or lost women? The re-emergence of the myth of white slavery in contemporary discourses of trafficking in women

This article compares current concerns about “trafficking in women” with turn of the century discourses about “white slavery.” It traces the emergence of narratives on “white slavery” and their re-emergence in the moral panics and boundary crises of contemporary discourses on “trafficking in women.” Drawing on historical analysis and contemporary representations of sex worker migration, the paper argues that the narratives of innocent, virginal victims purveyed in the “trafficking in women” discourse are a modern version of the myth of “white slavery.” These narratives, the article argues, reflect persisting anxieties about female sexuality and women's autonomy. Racialised representations of the migrant “Other” as helpless, child-like, victims strips sex workers of their agency. The article argues that while the myth of “trafficking in women”/”white slavery” is ostensibly about protecting women, the underlying moral concern is with the control of “loose women.” Through the denial of migrant sex workers' agency, these discourses serve to reinforce notions of female dependence and purity that serve to further marginalise sex workers and undermine their human rights. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Studies Association Convention, Washington D.C., February 16–20, 1999, and is available on-line at www.walnet.org/NSWP.     

Technique of Linguistic Expression in Description

ＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｏｆＬｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃＥｘｐｒｅｓｉｏｎｉｎＤｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎＧａｏＷｅｎＴｈｅｓｉｓｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ：Ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｉｓａｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｏｆｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｅｘｐｒｅｓｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｄｅｐｉｃｔｂｏ...     

An Exploration of “Superb Competences” in College Teachers in the Context of U-Learning

Ubiquitous learning (U-learning), a potential shortcut for China to modernize its education, is treated in this discussion as a mentality and means for citizens in high-tech society to seek a lifelong education. Thus situated, this article presents an exploration of “superb competences”—material intelligence, internet thinking, and brain-related neuro knowledge—in college teachers outside their trained professional areas. It is believed that once the teachers are equipped with the material intelligence, internet thinking, and brain-related neuro knowledge, real U-learning practice is ensured and its rationale will be developed. Material intelligence and internet thinking are evolved from and closely related to technological development, and therefore constitute the essential requirements of U-learning in terms of technical and educational cognitive framework. A good knowledge of brain related neuroscience, the third competence, guarantees the scientific rooting of every element in the designing of U-leaning tasks, whose success resides in a serious respect of cognitive nature and rules of the brain. The building of such superb competences, as is argued at the end of the paper, relies on various supports, like policies and technological aids, from all levels of educational administration in the country as well as each individual teacher’s personal understanding and efforts.     

Bits of Experience in the Teaching of Speaking Skills Adults

ＢｉｔｓｏｆＥｅｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅＴｅａｃｈｉｎｇｏｆＳｐｅａｋｉｎｇＳｋｉｌｌｓｔｏＡｄｕｌｔｓａｎｇＪｉａｋｕｎＮｏｗａｄａｙｓｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｈａｖｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｒｅａｌｉｚｅｔｈａｔｆｏｒｅｏｇｎｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓａ...     

The impact of resources and family-level cultural practices on immigrant women’s workforce participation

This article aims to assess the extent to which women's labor force participation reflects culturally or situationally induced family strategies above and beyond the well-known effects of opportunities and constraints associated with education and the life cycle. We focus particularly on women immigrants from the former Yugoslavia in Australia, and explore the family strategies by comparing the Yugoslav women systematically to immigrant women from other parts of the Mediterranean world and to immigrant women from other parts of the Slavic world. To this end, we use data from the one percent public use sample of individual records of the 1981 Australian Census. We find that the labor force particiaation patterns of immigrant women from the former Yugoslavia are more shaped by education and less shaped by the life course than is true of other groups, although the life course matters for all of them. Indeed, in the impact of education on labor force they closely resemble the Eastern Europeans across most of the range of education. But in the impact of life cycle stage on participation they more closely resemble the Greeks and the Italians. This emphasizes how important it is that statistical agencies release data at the greatest possible level of detail: A country may belong in one group for some purposes, but in a different group for other purposes. We assess a number of explanations for birthplace differences in participation patterns, and find most wanting. We suggest that they may reflect culturally conditioned intergenerational wealth flows and patterns of time investiment in children and the elderly. M.D.R. Evans's research focuses on comparative, international analyses of stratification, ethnicity, culture, and gender. Her book, Prejudice or Productivity, is forthcoming from Westview Press.     

Moving in or Breaking Up? The Role of Distance in the Development of Romantic Relationships

Most romantic relationships start with a living apart together (LAT) phase during which the partners live in two separate households. Over time, a couple might decide to move in together, to separate, or to remain together while maintaining their nonresidential status. This study investigates the competing risks that partners in a LAT relationship will experience the transition to coresidence or to separation. We consider the amount of time LAT partners have to travel to see each other to be a key determinant of relationship development. For our statistical analyses, we use seven waves of the German Family Panel Pairfam (2008/2009–2014/2015) and analyze couples in the age group 20–40 years. We distinguish between short-distance relationships (the partners have to travel less than one hour) and long-distance relationships (the partners have to travel one hour or more). Estimating a competing risks model, we find that couples in long-distance relationships are more likely to separate than those living in close proximity. By contrast, the probability of experiencing a transition to coresidence is lower for LAT couples in long-distance than for those in short-distance relationships. Interaction analyses reveal that distance seems to be irrelevant for the relationship development of couples with two nonemployed (unemployed, in education or other inactive) partners.     

Why can't a fetus be more like a sperm? The woman's role in fetal tissue research and how women are left out of the discussion

The use of fetal tissue for scientific research is a good example of the ways that cultural definitions have enveloped and galvanized the link between culture, science, and politics. Since the Roe vs. Wade decision in 1973, use of fetal tissue has been connected to arguably one of the hottest political firestorms of the century…abortion. While the abortion issue, as well as the use of fetal tissue for research, has been debated and discussed in almost every major field of thought, the debate consistently fails to address some of the key cultural interpretations we give to issues such as gender, science, and the role of women, who have largely been forgotten, and how these interpretations influence the national debate. To gain understanding of how these issues affect the fetal tissue dialogue, one must explore the role these cultural interpretations have in the discussion on the use of fetal tissue for research by looking at the cultural meanings we give to the terms “mother” and “fetus” and how these scientific metaphors affect the way we think about women who donate fetal tissue. These concepts must then be applied to fetal tissue use by exploring both political and ethical arguments surrounding the issue.     

The Importance of Culture in Language Acquisition

ＴｈｅＩｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆＣｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＡｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ李小武ＡｓＩａｎｇｕａｇｅａｎｄｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｒｅｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄ．ｉｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｂｅａｗａｒｅｏｆｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅ...     

A Tcntative Study of Sexism in English

Historically, women have becn considered to be inferior to men. They have discriminated in one way or another. This unequal sexist phenomenon is reflected in language, too. Rccently, thcre has becn a noticeablc increase in the numberof articles and books on the subject of Language and Sexism. We have noticed sexism exists in language and women have a language of their own, which is different from and inferior to the language of men in socicty, This paper attempts to discuss such kind of inequality in English language.     

The Development of Communicative Competence in the Classroom of College English

Ⅰ .IntroductionA .TheImportanceofCommunicativeCompe tenceInmacrosense ,it’sdirectlyrelatedtothedevel opmentofacountry ,especiallyeconomy .Theprevi ousprimeministerofIsrael,Labin ,saidthattheyhadabigadvantagetoreformandopenthedoortotheworld ,thatis ,theyhadbetterforeignlanguagecompetence .Goodcommunicativecompetencecanenablepeopletogetinformationandtransferitintoproductivityquickly .Anditcanenhancethecommu nicatingandunderstandingofdifferentculturestode velopfriendship .Inmicrosense ,good…     

The Wide Use of Euphemism in Social Life

本文收集和整理了英文委婉法在社会生活中的广泛应用,涉及到社会生活的许多方面,提供了大量的委婉用语,并且归纳了这些用语的用法、使用目的,以及运用范围:(一)表示人之死、年老、蠢学生、肥胖人等一类的委婉语,是为了避免刺伤别人的感情;(二)关于人之卫生习惯如上厕所一类的委婉语,是为了避免使用那些粗俗的字眼,使谈话变得文雅些;(三)表示盗窍、被囚禁等一类的委婉用语,是为了在披露事实时,避免使用那些直统统的词语;(四)关于咒骂一类的委婉语,是为了用一种婉转的方式表达愤慨;(五)关示性交一类的委婉语,是为了回避人们忌讳使用的诲淫字眼;(六)关于贫困、失业一类的委婉语,可以和缓地说出令人难受的实际情况;(七)关于人体部位的委婉语,可以使那些不宜启齿的名词变得婉转悦耳一些;(八)关于低级职业方面的委婉语,可以使人听起来不觉得低人一等,在某种意义上也反映了人们争取改变现状的美好愿望;(九)关于杀身的委婉语,可以使人听起来不致毛骨悚然;(十)关于政治军事活动方面的委婉语,目的在于掩盖事情的真相,用一种娓娓动听的词句来蒙骗群众;(十一)关于不道德方面的委婉语,是用来粉饰某些人的不道德行为;还有其它杂类,存这里就不列举了。光汉     

Common Figures of Speech in the English Language

A Figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words with aview to increasing their effect,Thus we can say,"Bring the mainstay here",We can also say,"Her son is her mainstay."Here"mainstay"is used in afiguratine or non-literal sense and signifies"chief support". Figures of speech are classified under three main heads.The mostimportant kinds of figures are given under each head for reference.     

An Analysis of Chinese Loanwords Used in English

Ａｎ　Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ　Ｌｏａｎｗｏｒｄｓ　Ｕｓｅｄ　ｉｎ　Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ林秋云（外语系）ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＬｏａｎｗｏｒｄｓＵｓｅｄｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ￥／／Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈｉｓａｈｙｂｒｉｄｉｚｅｄｔｏｎｇｕ...     

The Role of Polysemies and Homonyms in Jokes

英语中的一词多义(Polysemy)是指同一词具有两个以上不同的意义。而同型、同音异义词(homonym)则是指两个不同意义的词具有相同的读音或相同的书写形式。由于它们都能产生歧义,故常常被用于英语笑话中,以创造幽默。但由于中、英两种语言在词汇上的差异,我们中国人在阅读这类笑话时,往往很难找出其中的幽默成份,其原因是没有很好地掌握英语中一词多义,及同型、同音异义这两种现象。本文试图从英语词汇学的角度,以几个短小的笑话为例,剖析一下这两种现象在英语笑话中所起的功能与作用,以提高中国读者对学习一词多义与同型、同音异义词的兴趣,从而最终达到提高英语水平的目的。     

Brief Analyses of Some Contradictory Characteristics of the Language Applied in Business Correspondence

Business correspondence are the indispensable tool in the practical process of business communication and interchange.Especially,as the communicated body of information,their language possesses specific characteristics.Rooted from the "Politeness Principle" and the "Cooperative Principle",the most distinctive epitome of it is the seven "C" principles.Based on the discussion of the seven "C" principles,this paper devotes itself to the analyses of the contradictory characteristics which occur frequently in the concrete business contexts,and then to examine the causes of these features.Ultimately,it will suggest more flexible and more widened perspective towards the creation of business correspondence and the language applied in them.     

Teaching Reform of Communication Course in the Context of “New Engineering”

With the introduction of "New Engineering", it puts forward new requirements for discipline construction and talent training in China's universities and pays more attention to the cultivation of engineering talents' innovative ability. As an important part of the engineering discipline, communication courses are of great significance to explore new teaching models. Relying on the connotation of "new engineering", combining with the innovation ability of engineering talents and the training goal of practical ability, this paper proposes the teaching reform approach of communication courses under the background of new engineering and gives specific reform measures.     

The Priority of English Teaching and Learning in University

ＭｅｎｇＸｕｅｑｉｎｇ１．ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＧｅｎｅｒａｌｙｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ，ｔｈｅｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓｃａｎｄｏｇｕｉｔｅｗｅｌｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｇｒａｍｍａｒａｎｄｒｅａｄｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｃ...     

In Defence of Poetry in the Selected Readings Curriculum

ＩｎＤｅｆｅｎｃｅｏｆＰｏｅｔｒｙｉｎｔｈｅＳｅｌｅｃｔｅｄＲｅａｄｉｎｇｓＣｕｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍＥ．Ｒ．Ｐｅｅｖｅｒ（加拿大）ＭａｎｙｔｉｍｅｓｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓｕｓｅＰｏｅｔｒｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｅＸＰｒｅｓｓｒｅａｓｏｎｔｏｉ...     

Self-trapping of Necklace beams propagate in nonlinear Kerr media

Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｗｏｒｄ”ｓｏｌｉｔｏｎ”ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＺａｂｕｓｋｙａｎｄＫｒｕｓｋａｌ[1 ],ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｅｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｄｉｆｆｅｒ ｅｎｔｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｐａｒｔｉａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｆｏｕｎｄｔｏｈａｖｅｓｏｌｉｔｏｎｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ,ｏｒｓｏｌｉｔｏｎｌｉｋｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ .ＢｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆＫｅｒｒｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｉｔｙｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｉｎｍａｎｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ,ｓｏｌｉ ｔｏｎ…