室内设计制图与AutoCAD教学改革

室内设计制图与AutoCAD在教学中是两门独立的课程,二者相互联系、互为补充。为适应艺术设计发展的需要,本文对室内设计制图与AutoCAD教学进行了探讨,希望通过研究改进教学方案,提高学生的学习效率,使艺术设计教学得到更好的发展。     

杨振宁的科学方法

杨振宁作为一个伟大的科学家,在长期的科研与教学工作过程中形成了一系列的科研方法和学习方法.通过引述、整理以期从这些科学方法中得到借鉴与帮助.     

冒泡排序法的变异——交替排序法

笔者研究出一种新的排序方法,其时间复杂度与空间复杂度与冒泡排序法处于同一个数量级,经过深入研究,可以认为这种排序方法是冒泡排序法的变异.经过实际测试,这种排序方法的排序效率略高于冒泡排序法.     

关于露天石质文物保护的思考

碑刻记录了社会与历史变迁,同时也是古代工艺展示的一种方法,是文化得以传承的重要载体.碑刻可以分为室内与室外,会受到自然环境的影响与人为因素的影响,因此采取合理的方法对碑刻进行保护是十分必要的.随着技术的发展,碑刻保护技术也在不断进步,并且取得的效果也越来越好,使碑刻能够以最好的状态展示给外界,并且在一定程度上能够避免人为因素对其造成的影响与破坏.本文就露天碑刻类文物保护与展示方法作简要阐述.     

试论江绍原《发须爪》的研究方法——兼略与顾颉刚研究孟姜女故事的方法相提

江绍原研究的《发须爪》具有思想、理论和历史上的意义,不能忽视的是其对中国早期民俗学具有研究方法上的贡献。本文通过对江绍原《发须爪》研究方法的挖掘,阐述让文献"说话"、亚田野调查、从小处着眼、唯物辩证等的民俗学研究方法,分析了江绍原《发须爪》研究方法的特点以及产生的背景原因。同时兼略谈及顾颉刚研究孟姜女故事的方法,并与江绍原《发须爪》的研究方法相提参照与评说,或许对中国早期民俗学的方法论、学术史是有益的补充与构建。     

英美文学作品视阈下的关联隐喻分析

关联隐喻作为一种动态形成的认知过程与模式,通过解读关联隐喻与社会文化、思维认知与日常生活的关联性,明确不同属性词汇所传达的隐喻内涵及其应用方法,能够为英美文学作品的解读、理解与翻译提供更具实效性的方法,从而更好地发挥隐喻的功能及价值,辅助提升文化交流效果。     

女性人类学的文化与社会建构及其后现代研究

探讨女性人类学的成长历程、方法内容与争论的课题及成果.涉及女性及女性主义与人类学的关系,女性主义理论与人类学理论的勾连,女性人类学研究方法与主要论题.主要包括社会性别的文化内涵及分析模式,女性人类学对女性地位和权利的界定,后现代女性人类学研究.     

边远民族地区社区成人教育项目的开发——印度部落的个案研究

本文运用案例研究法 ,通过系统分析一个印度部落社区成人教育项目的设立与启动、目标与内容、决策与组织机构、实施途径与方法等 ,阐述了边远民族地区进行社区成人教育的理念与策略     

比较方法的运用与滥用: 学科史述评

在讨论比较方法在人类学中的历史及其多种用法的基础上,分析了比较方法与文化相对论,特别是比较方法与萨皮尔-沃尔夫假说Sapir-Whorf hypothesis代表的那种"激进的"或" 认知的epistemologist"相对论的内在矛盾;最后,运用与阿赞德人巫术和卜筮有关的论争来考察温和相对论与认知相对论的区别.这一事例也解释了学者们近期提出的种种补救方式对于解决此类难题不能奏效的原因.     

人类学生态环境史研究的理论和方法

人类与自然环境的关系,是一直伴随人类学产生和发展过程的一个无法忽视的课题,无论是地理学的角度还是生态学的视野,人类学者始终致力于人类及其文化与自然环境相互关系的解释,并且创建了文化生态学、生态人类学、民族生态学、人类生态系统等诸多理论流派.应用这些理论研究人类与自然环境的互动过程,这就是人类学生态环境史研究的角度和特色.人类学生态环境史研究的方法主要有:以某种重要的自然资源为对象的研究方法;以植物和农作物为对象的研究方法;以传统农业变迁和土地利用变迁为对象的研究方法;以特殊的自然条件或以特殊的地方疾病为对象的研究方法等.     

参与民俗旅游表演与女性的东道主地位——以洛带客家女子舞龙队为例

洛带是近十多年来以＂西部客家第一镇＂而闻名海内外的一个成都东郊小镇。一年一度的客家水龙节是洛带民俗旅游活动的重头戏,而其中的女子舞龙队更是一道靓丽的风景线。东道主女性对旅游的参与程度和旅游对东道主社会介入的深度、旅游开发的类型与女性参与旅游活动的类型都是决定旅游对东道主地位变化影响的重要考察维度。洛带女子舞龙队虽然是水龙节表演的重要角色,但这种参与对旅游中女性东道主地位的影响甚微。     

Statelessness in a world of nation-states: the cases of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK

Mass displacement in the Middle East is a major political challenge for contemporary Middle Eastern and Western states. As a consequence, statelessness has emerged as one of the central political issues in relation to the collapse and weakening of the states in the Middle East. Through deploying a qualitative inquiry and interviews with 50 Kurdish immigrants, this article investigates how members of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK conceive and experience statelessness in a world of unequal nation-states and hierarchical citizenship. Since diasporas are important non-state actors in nation-building processes, it is important to analyse their diasporic visions and the ways they challenge or reinforce the power of the nation-state in the context of migration. While from a legal or a right-based approach, the solution to statelessness is found in acquisition of a nationality/citizenship, I posit that in a world structured by the political normativity of the nation-state, nations without states will continue to be in search of national self-determination, political autonomy and sovereignty in the international comity of sovereign nations.     

中国式现代化与中华民族共同体建设的逻辑关联 ——学习贯彻党的二十大精神体会

中国式现代化和中华民族共同体建设是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容。在现代国家建构视角下,中华民族共同体建设和中国式现代化表现为互相促成的逻辑关联和功能关系,分别发挥支撑与指向的功能作用,统一于全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的进程。中华民族共同体建设是推进中国式现代化的基础条件。多元一体的结构格局建设为推进中国式现代化提供了政治和文明两方面的显著优势;团结统一的内部秩序建设为推进中国式现代化提供安全保障,有助于避免认同危机、防范化解风险隐患;命运与共的共同愿景建设促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展,为推进中国式现代化提供实践动力。中国式现代化是加强中华民族共同体建设的发展指向,在性质指向上要求坚持中国共产党的领导和坚持中国特色社会主义道路,在内容指向上要求开展与“人口规模巨大”“全体人民共同富裕”“物质文明和精神文明相协调”“人与自然和谐共生”“走和平发展道路”相适应的内容建设;在价值指向上要求以“自由人的联合体”为远大理想和价值追求,努力促进各族人民的全面发展。维系并深化中国式现代化与中华民族共同体建设的逻辑关联,要重视铸牢中华民族共同体意识的联系纽带作用。     

A political profile of Protestant minorities in Europe

This article uses a large volume of data – in particular, surveys – to explore the character of Protestant identity in contemporary European states. It distinguishes three contexts. First, in the Nordic and certain adjacent states, the dominance of Protestantism was complete, but more recent secularisation has provoked a reaction from Christian parties, which enjoy strong support from active Protestants. Second, in certain states that in the past were predominantly Protestant, and where the ethos of the state was aggressively so, a significant Catholic minority was counter-mobilised politically, but as the dominant state-building parties became increasingly secular, committed Protestants reacted in different ways, including the formation of splinter parties (as in the Netherlands and Switzerland) or working within the traditional parties (as in Great Britain and Germany). Third, in a few states there has traditionally been a small Protestant minority, which has played a significant role in national development, but in these cases (mainly successor states to the Habsburg monarchy) decades of communist rule have largely obliterated what might have been distinctive patterns of political behaviour. The article explores variation in group identity patterns and in attitudes towards the state in those cases for which appropriate survey data are available, and devotes particular attention to the position within the United Kingdom, where religion has played a prominent role in the state- and nation-building process.     

民族地区的小康进程与全面小康建设论析

本文从区域间和区域内部比较的角度 ,分析了民族地区的小康进程和主要指标实现情况 ,认为民族地区处在一种更低水平、更不全面和区域性不平衡结构低端一极的小康格局中 ,并且其内部的小康建设进程也很不平衡。文章对民族地区全面小康建设中的加快发展与增速问题、农牧区小康建设问题和可持续发展能力问题进行了探讨。     

Ethnohistorical Construction of Identity: The Lviv Paradigm

The Italian populist movement Lega Nord once famously claimed that the north of Italy was a nation (‘Padania’) that should be granted independence. Padania was posited by the party through a combination of outrageous anti-Italian statements, gatherings in places of historic and symbolic significance and through the selective appropriation of the past. This article takes this new ‘nation’ as a case study through which to further our understanding of the discursive strategies of nationalist movements, as they reinvent and rewrite history and redefine identities. It argues that some within the Lega, far from simply adopting a covert strategy of reinvention of the past (like many of their fellow nationalists do), openly advocated such strategy as a means of ‘liberation’. Moreover, the analysis highlights crucial contradictions between: the reality of strong, heterogeneous local identities in northern Italy and the effort of creating a new unitary community in the area; the needs of a hyper-modern economy and the longing for a mythic past; and, finally, a dubious rediscovered paganism and rooted Catholic traditions. The article argues that the lack of territorial and symbolic coherence in northern Italy was a crucial factor in making the Lega's attempts at re-invention less than compelling.     

返景入深林:女性社会性别的多元建构——以永宁摩梭人为例

性别研究是当代人类学最具开创性与争议性的领域之一。性别建构反映了不同文化体系对两性分工与社会地位的规范,由此衍生的性别隐喻则体现了不同文化实践与建构的差别。摩梭人对女性性别的多元建构为我们研究女性性别建构提供了一个独特的、难得的个案。本文从空间分类、语言建构、亲属制度、宗教信仰、人观象征的多元视角与多重维度把女性性别建构放在整体文化脉络中了解与把握,将使女性性别建构拥有更大的研究空间。     

论东北朝鲜族新农村建设的特点

十一五"期间,东北朝鲜族村整体步入"小康社会"。这一成果得益于新农村建设的成就。率先全面步入"小康社会"的东北朝鲜族开始以新农村建设为契机全面建设小康社会,它们的发展可以成为少数民族新农村建设的典范。从建设示范性、发展超前性、产业优势性和地缘族缘优势性研究东北朝鲜族新农村建设的特点,总结"十一五"东北朝鲜族新农村建设,为"十二五"民族地区的新农村建设提供一个值得借鉴的发展思路。     

Implementing a diversity policy through public incentives: Diversity Plans in companies of the Brussels-Capital Region

ABSTRACT

The development of diversity policies in the private sector is mostly a result of a voluntary engagement of companies. When interested, they decide about the ways and goals of such policies, implications for human resource management and the inclusion of staff with a migration background. This article explores a specific situation in which public authorities offered support and resources to companies in order to develop diversity policies. I present a first analysis of the implementation dynamics of the Brussels Diversity Plan, a policy instrument launched in 2007 by the Government of the city-region of Brussels. Building on the theoretical tools of the political sociology of public policies, I use qualitative material (interviews and administrative documents) to explore implementation processes in three private companies. I show that public authorities can play a decisive role in developing diversity policies in the private sector through incentives rather than constraint. Yet, the room for manoeuver offered to companies leads to important variations regarding how processes unfold and the results achieved.     

康定锅庄文化遗产价值新阐释

The understanding of the traditional research of Kangding Guozhuo mainly covers four aspects:1 ) It is widely believed in the academic world that the Guozhuang ( meaning singing and dancing in a circle ) of Kangding was a unique product which combined politics, economics and culture together. 2) It was a specific business form based on the family unit, fulfilling multiple func￣tions such as an inn, a shed, a commodity inter￣mediary, an administrative office, a commodity transformation point, and a banking establishment. And it was also a place for cultural exchange be￣tween the Tibetans and the Han . 3 ) The formation of Guozhuang culture establishes a new element in the culture of the Tibetan-Yi corridor. 4 ) Zheng Shaoxiong mentions that the Guozhuangzhu ( the Guozhuang host ) had played an intermediary role in assisting the Tibetan businessmen to sell or pur￣chase goods - this helped to maintain the trade relations between the Han and Tibetans ( or their communication) . This kind of ingenious institu￣tional arrangement was a historical practice in keeping the balance of the relationship between different cultural communities, such as the Qing court, Tusi ( native officials ) and the Guozhuang host of Kangding. It reflects the wisdom in ethnic interactions, and can be borrowed in present ethnic regional autonomous system.
The above mentioned understanding is a result of study from the perspective of history, ethnology or economics. Although Zheng Shaoxiong’s re￣search was born from the old mindset, and pro￣posed the new value of Guozhuang cultural mecha￣nism, there is still a lack of research on this cul￣ture from such comprehensive perspectives as ur￣ban history, cultural anthropology, and economic anthropology. Thus it cannot fully reveal the fea￣ture and value of Kangding Guozhuang, a complex cultural phenomenon.
Based on existing data, past research, and fieldwork on the oral history of Kangding Guozhuang conducted in August 2013 , this article gives some new interpretations to the features of Guozhuang culture from an interdisciplinary per￣spective as follows:
1 ) The forever “48 Guozhuang” are a Kang￣ding urban memory, which displays the common cultural psychology of regarding Kangding as an important trade city of the Han and Tibetans; and Guozhuang carries a folk cultural memory of more than 200 years. After the gaitu guiliu policy ( re￣placement of native officials with centrally appoint￣ed officials) in the late Qing period, the number of newly appeared Guozhuang even reached 60 to 70 .“Although each of them had its own courtyard, and people also called them Guozhuang, they were still quite different from the 48 Guozhuang in the minds of the Kangding people”. This not only in￣dicates that the 48 Guozhuang within the orthodox system were deeply rooted in the hearts of the local people, but also reflects that Guozhuang were re￣garded as the most proper carrier for the communi￣cation between the Han and Tibetan during the late Qing period, otherwise so many Guozhuang court￣yards would not have appeared in history.
2 ) From the name to its architectural form, or function, a Guozhuang was influenced by the Han culture, however, it still had strong Tibetan char￣acteristics. Actually it could be regarded as a min￣iature of local culture of Kangding. Every Guozhuang had its own Tibetan name and Chinese name. The architectural style of the Guozhuang was actually different from traditional multiple -level blockhouse. There was always a courrtyard, and it was larger than that of Han. The vast court￣yard was not only a space for the Tibetan business￣man to cook food and boil tea, but also a space for organizing their entertainment activities, such as singing and dancing in a circle. You Tai, a minis￣ter of the Qing dynasty in Tibetan areas, recorded a grand dancing party organized by the local Tusi to welcome his arrival, which reflected the significant position of the Guozhuang in cultural activities. The upper-class of the Kham area, including Tusi and the Guozhuang host, tried to build a close re￣lationship with both Tibetan and Han in all means, including the title, kinship relation or customs, and successfully built up a central zone on which both sides can be understood. It was just due to the special geographical location and cultural tradi￣tion that made the reconstruction of a cross cultural buffer zone possible.
3 ) The managers of the Guozhuang were mainly the hostesses ( Ajia Kaba in Tibetan lan￣guage) , and this also reflected a kind of feminism in Kham culture. The tradition of the Dong nv guo ( East Kingdom of Women ) enabled the women to run their business in and out of the family. When the tea trade started, the Guozhuang host had to spend much of their energy on providing service to the Tusi, so the Guozhuang hostess took the re￣sponsibility of managing the business of the Guozhuang. Ajia normally controlled the initiative of negotiation in the Han-Tibetan trade, and they played the role of interpreters in the negotiation. There were many live -in son -in -laws in the family of the Guozhuang and this kind of marriage was even more popular in the period from the late Qing dynasty to the Republican era.
If we conduct an analysis of the value of Kangding Guozhuang from multiple dimensions, we would notice that the existence of the non-market interpersonal model in this institution, on some certain degree, had solved the problem of the lack of social cohesion resulting from marketization. From this angle, the value of Guozhuang culture in the improvement of the economic institutions of the market cannot be ignored.
This fieldwork also reflects the significant and comprehensive influence of the Guozhuang cultural heritage of Kangding. When viewed from this an￣gle, its value is incredible. According to the data collected from the fieldwork, all the people, inclu￣ding officials, scholars, businessman and ordinary people, are aware that the Guozhuang is a cultural heritage which has a high and comprehensive val￣ue. If the relevant government bodies could in￣clude it into the scope of heritage protection, and build it into a cultural space of intangible cultural heritage, it will have a much higher heritage val￣ue , and play an important role both in the econom￣ic development and construction of harmonious eth￣nic relationships.
The Kangding Guozhuang also played a role in the deconstruction of the Han - Tibetan social structure - this kind of value can not only be in￣troduced to the present world and influence the fu￣ture world, but also can be seen as a hub which connects the “ancient” and “modern” Han -Ti￣betan relations. Traditionally, there was a structur￣al rule in the communications between the Han and Tibetan, namely that “the Han and Tibetans are somewhat separated from each other ”, however, the Guozhuang model in Kangding deconstructed this Han-Tibetan rule. This was closely related to elements such as social composition, ways of life, marriage, family, kinship, and religious customs. The disappearance of Guozhuang also has its own causes, for instance, the absence of inheritors and failure in operation of this system. However, this article proposes that it is mainly influenced by the social reforms in the historical process. Hence, that is the reason why modern enterprises which re￣tain certain connotations of the Guozhuang could re-appear in the Kang area. In the survey, we no￣tice that some enterprises have already made efforts in this regard. In summary, Kangding Guozhuang had creatively formed a security institution with a more humanized nature, and played an important role in the alleviation of social tensions in ethnic areas. Contemporary society, composed as it is of people with multi-ethnic backgrounds, still needs this kind of “deconstruction”.