中国生育率的地区差异及其政策选择

本文对中国妇女生育率的发展现况进行了客观的估计 ,分析了生育率及其地区差异的特点 ,从内容、可行性、合理性等不同角度对现行生育政策进行了审视 ,指出了现行生育政策条件下中国妇女生育率的发展趋势。面对社会经济和人口发展过程中面临的诸多人口问题与挑战 ,从是否需要调整、调整幅度与如何调整三方面对生育政策调整问题进行了深入的分析 ,讨论了各种可能的生育政策调整方案 ,并提出了自己的一些对策建议。     

影响多胎的二十种因素探析

多胎问题是我国农村计划生育工作的重点问题。我国生育工作的核心是要“提倡一眙,控制二胎。杜绝多胎”。所以,对多胎问题进行调查研究,无疑是一个具有重大理论意义和实际意义的问题。为了对多胎问题进行探讨,我们最近在湖北省广济县进行了一次5％的生育调查。广济县地处长江北岸,北与安徽省接壤,南与九江相连。境内有山区、丘陵、平原、     

统筹城乡发展中的人口政策研究述评

认真研究统筹城乡发展中的人口政策问题对统筹城乡发展和统筹解决人口问题都具有非常重要的意义。统筹城乡发展中的人口政策研究涉及到了统筹解决城乡人口数量、素质、结构、分布的协调发展问题．包括了人口与计划生育、人力资源开发与教育、社会保障、就业与劳动保障等方面的内容。目前较多成果集中在人口政策对统筹城乡发展的重要性、意义、作用路径与方式等方面。未来还需要在对人口政策体系进行调研的基础上进行全面系统地研究。文章最后提出了系统研究统筹城乡发展中的人口政策内容。     

人口红利与人口负债:数量界定、经验观察与理论思考

本文对人口红利与人口负债的概念、由来与数量界定进行了必要的理论阐述,构建了人口红利与人口负债的判别标准,对法国、日本与中国人口红利与人口负债演变的历史、现状与未来前景进行了比较分析,最后对人口红利与人口负债相关问题进行了理论上的探讨。     

农村留守儿童教育问题研究综述

留守儿童问题近几年来引起社会的广泛关注。国内研究者对“留守儿童”的关注、研究,始于20世纪90年代初期。1994年上官子木《“留守儿童”问题应引起重视》率先提出了“留守儿童”这一问题。此后,关于“留守儿童”教育问题的研究逐渐展开。研究内容涉及道德品质、学习、心理健康、情感、安全问题等方面。本文对留守儿童教育问题的研究进行梳理,以加深对留守儿童教育问题的认识。     

我国农民工医疗保险问题研究

本文在对农民工医疗保险政策背景和各地区实施的保险模式进行综述性分析的基础上。对农民工医疗保险制度设计存在的问题进行了探讨。提出了农民工医疗保险问题解决的途径,重点对农民工医疗保险的商业化管理与运作的可行性展开了分析。     

浅谈大学生性健康教育

当前大学生存在的性问题逐年增多,如何对这些实质性性问题进行教育,本文进行了一定分析并提出了相应对策。     

人力资源外包管理再探索

本文对人力资源外包管理涵义进行了明确的概括,并结合目前国内、外人力资源外包管理发展现状,分析了“外包”管理的优势与动机,对“外包”项目范围进行了界定。论文重点阐述了“外包”的六种方案,指出了“外包”可能引致企业机密外泄和不利于企业人力资源管理技能、经验和员工积极性提高等问题,同时提出了解决这些问题的一般思路。     

西北民族地区扶贫开发实践的调查与浅析--以甘南藏族自治州为例

近些年,西北民族地区的扶贫开发工作取得了阶段性成效,但扶贫工作仍然任重道远。甘南藏族自治州是西北少数民族聚居区的一个典型代表。通过对甘南州进行了实地调研,首先将甘南州进行区域划分,分为农区、半农半牧区、牧区三个大区,然后对每个区域扶贫开发的现状和存在的问题进行深入分析,并针对性地提出对策和建议,以期有效地解决甘南州贫困人口的脱贫问题,同时为其他民族地区的扶贫开发提供借鉴。     

中国生育政策调整问题研究

本文从内容、可行性、合理性等方面对现行生育政策重新进行了审视，讨论了政策调整所涉及的生育意愿与生育意愿调查、人口控制目标及其与生育政策之间的关系等相关问题，从是否需要调整、调整幅度和如何调整三方面对中国生育政策的调整问题进行了深入的分析，并提出了自己的一些对策建议。     

Remarks on the analysis of causal relationships in population research

The problem of determining cause and effect is one of the oldest in the social sciences, where laboratory experimentation is generally not possible. This article provides a perspective on the analysis of causal relationships in population research that draws upon recent discussions of this issue in the field of economics. Within economics, thinking about causal estimation has shifted dramatically in the past decade toward a more pessimistic reading of what is possible and a retreat in the ambitiousness of claims of causal determination. In this article, the framework that underlies this conclusion is presented, the central identification problem is discussed in detail, and examples from the field of population research are given. Some of the more important aspects of this framework are related to the problem of the variability of causal effects for different individuals; the relationships among structural forms, reduced forms, and knowledge of mechanisms; the problem of internal versus external validity and the related issue of extrapolation; and the importance of theory and outside evidence.     

关于当前中国农村养老问题及其研究的思考

作为社会的一员 ,老年人有获得社会扶养的权利。如果这种权利不能实现或不能很好实现 ,便形成养老问题。养老问题的研究只能是以认识老年人获得社会保障权利实现过程中的问题并为之谋求对策为根本目的。从这个角度出发 ,养老问题应涵盖四个方面的内容 :(1)“谁来养”的问题 ;(2 )“养不养”的问题 ;(3)“怎么养”的问题 ;(4 )“养得怎么样”的问题。目前 ,这四个方面的问题在农村都存在。而此前的研究因被置于计划生育和老龄化等背景之下而显得不力及过于偏狭 :有限的研究集中于老龄化条件下农村老年人“谁来养”和“怎么养”的问题。这种状况不利于对农村养老问题的全面认识和解决。故笔者认为 ,今后应 (1)全面研究农村养老问题 ;(2 )重视现实 ,分清层次 ,切实研究急需解决的问题 ;(3)在社会变迁的视野下加强农村经济发展、社区建设、文化培育与养老关系的研究     

中国非法移民问题研究综述

非法移民是一个世界性难题,多年来理论界对此展开了深入的探讨与研究,笔者将这几年来学术界对此问题的研究进行梳理、综述,并在此基础上提出学术界对其研究的不足与今后的研究趋势。     

失衡的消费与生活之重——城市中等收入阶层按揭购房后的生活质量调查

本文从当前社会热．最——住房消费问题进行研究。对城市中等收入阶层按揭购房后生活质量进行大量的调查。在充分掌握第一手资料的基础上采用SPSS软件对数据全面的分析，得出城市中等收入阶层在按揭购房后出现了明显的生活质量的变化——呈下降趋势。阐明问题的重要性并分析问题的原因，再提出具有可行性与较为科学的政策建议。     

网络场域：人口学研究的空间转向

空间是人口学研究的核心概念,是人口学理论的一个基本分析视角,是人口学方法的一个重要分析工具。随着网络社会的崛起,人类生存与发展的空间发生了变化,人口学发展产生了新的理论框架和新的问题意识。转向网络场域是人口学对空间研究的反思。是人口学随着网络社会崛起对空间研究的理论自觉。基于拥有独立研究对象、有理论基础的支撑和研究方法的支持,网络人口学得以可能。     

Cultural Endorsement of Broad Leadership Prototypes and Wealth as Predictors of Corruption

Corruption is a social ill that involves public officials’ misuse of entrusted power, which is a function of sociocultural factors. Rarely, however, do researchers view corruption as a leadership-related problem. In the current research, we conceptualize corruption as a leadership-related problem, and propose three broad leadership prototypes based on social value orientation theory and research. We seek to examine (1) how cultural endorsement of self-serving, prosocial, and individualistic leadership prototypes is related to corruption at the societal level and (2) how wealth moderates the relationship between cultural endorsement of self-serving leadership and corruption. Using archival data of 53 societies, we found that cultural endorsement of self-serving leadership was positively related to corruption, strengthened by wealth. Cultural endorsement of prosocial leadership and individualistic leadership, however, was not significantly related to corruption, and wealth did not moderate either of the relationships. The implications of these findings for theory and future research are discussed.     

Demographic and Social Research on the Population and Environment Nexus in Australia: Explaining the Gap

Solving the problem of the adverse impact of human numbers on the natural environment is a collective action problem and, if we are to understand it fully, we need good interdisciplinary research which includes work by demographers and sociologists. A number of factors inhibit this work in Australia: narrow disciplinary training; the scarcity of extrinsic rewards; and, as population growth has come to depend on immigration, the risk of peer disapproval. There is also little encouragement for such research from political leaders or the public. Indeed survey data show that the more Australians worry about the state of the environment the more likely they are to want a higher migrant intake.     

Absent and Problematic Men: Demographic Accounts of Male Reproductive Roles

Both men and women are important actors in bringing children into life, yet demographic studies on reproduction have tended to focus on women alone. The aims of this article are: 1) to describe why men have attracted limited interest as subjects of such research; 2) to evaluate existing research on men's roles in developing countries; and 3) to suggest directions for future research on male reproductive roles. Men, once neglected, are now included in research on fertility but from a narrow, overly problem‐oriented perspective. A review of the literature, however, raises questions about the adequacy of a problem oriented approach. The authors argue that demography should focus on men not only as women's partners, but also as individuals with distinct reproductive histories. In situations, now increasingly common, where the links between marriage and childbearing erode, the differences in men's and women's reproductive experiences and the costs and benefits of parenting will become more salient for future research.     

浅析人才自我埋没的原因及对策

人才埋没是一种客观现象 ,虽然社会的经济、政治、文化因素的影响有着重要作用 ,但这些因素能否产生作用最终取决于人才自身。因此 ,在众多的人才埋没现象中 ,人才自我埋没具有较强的研究价值 ,该问题的研究有利于探索如何最大限度地展示人才的才华 ,使之得到社会承认 ,从而减少人才埋没现象的出现。     

Population undercount and social science research

The undercount problem in the decennial census has important implication for social science research based directly or indirectly on census data. Because undercount rates (or coverage rates) vary by age, race, residence, and other factors typically studied in social research, important conceptual difficulties arise in using census results to corroborate sampling frames or to validate survey results. Differential undercount, particularly for analyses based on small areas, could produce substantial variability in prevalence rates in cases where the denominators for those rates are derived from the census. Several examples where the undercount problem arises in social science research, including survey research, are considered. The adjustment problem—whether to adjust, how to adjust, and how much to adjust—is also considered from the point of view of social sicence research.