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儿子与女儿:中国农村的婚姻形式和老年支持 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文应用湖北松滋的调查数据 ,研究中国农村子女的性别与婚姻形式和子女为父母提供老年支持可能性之间的关系。分析结果表明 ,子女的性别和婚姻形式对子女为父母提供经济和家务帮助的可能性有显著的影响 ,但对提供农活帮助的可能性没有影响。据此 ,本文发现在松滋这样一个历史上嫁娶和招赘婚姻都被广为接受和实行的地区 ,女儿和儿子、嫁娶婚姻夫妻和招赘婚姻夫妻的养老功能基本上是相同的。本文最后讨论了研究结果对解决农村社会与老年保障和男孩偏好相关问题的积极意义。 相似文献
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略阳县两类招赘婚姻类型的决定因素研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用略阳县男孩偏好文化传播抽样调查的数据 ,定量研究两类招赘婚姻的决定因素 :由人口因素导致的应时性类型和由经济因素导致的制度性类型。研究表明 ,应时性类型比制度性类型更常见 ,并且后者可以家庭内部传播而前者则不能。两种招赘婚姻类型的条件、动机和目的各不相同 ,决定因素也不相同。研究结果对于理解中国农村家庭结构和婚姻习俗的变化有参考意义 相似文献
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我国人口的大规模流动正在改变着农村育龄妇女的生育观念,传统生育观念中的男孩偏好逐步弱化.文章梳理了流动对人们生育观念影响的相关理论,并通过对调查数据的分析,在控制了人口流动的选择偏差的条件下,比较了从未流动的农村育龄妇女和有流动经历的农村育龄妇女在男孩偏好方面的差异,并进一步研究了“流动时是否与丈夫在一起”的经历对农村育龄妇女男孩偏好的影响.结果表明,有流动经历和没有流动经历的妇女在男孩偏好方面确实存在显著的差异,这种差异一方面是由于流动的选择性造成的,另一方面也源于流动使妇女的生育观念更为现代化,弱化了她们的男孩偏好.但是,流出地的文化传统依然通过家庭和社区影响着妇女生育的性别偏好. 相似文献
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城镇外来农村流动人口的生育观念与行为分析--来自深圳调查的发现 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
本文利用2005年西安交通大学人口与发展研究所深圳外来农村流动人口调查数据,定量分析了流动前后城镇外来农村流动人口生育观念与行为的现状及其变化;并利用调查所得到的城镇户籍人口生育观念信息,比较分析了城镇外来农村流动人口与户籍人口生育观念的差异。研究表明,流动后农村流动人口的期望子女数减少,生育数量偏好与城镇户籍人口无显著差异;理想子女性别偏好观念有所弱化,但仍强于城镇户籍人口;农村流动人口初育年龄推迟,初育间隔缩短,一胎与二胎生育间隔延长,但仍具有较强的男孩偏好特征,男孩偏好行为的改变滞后于观念的变化。 相似文献
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本文利用H省三个典型乡镇的访谈资料与统计数据以区域比较的视角对“小二胎”现象进行了再研究。研究结果表明,三镇小二胎现象具有诸多共性,但也存在不少差异。各地都存在较强的男孩偏好和二孩偏好,加之政策环境在2002年的变化,使得此后各地都普遍产生小二胎现象。但是由于村庄社会结构的不同.男孩偏好和二孩偏好程度不一,所以各地的小二胎现象又表现出一定差异。小二胎现象不仅大幅提高了超生率和生育率,而且推高了出生性别比,因此应该引起相关部门的高度重视。在农民生育观念没有彻底转变的情况下,国家要赋予基层干部与政策要求相匹配的治理手段,以稳定我国来之不易的低生育水平。针对各地的区域差异,要采取分类治理的方略。 相似文献
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婚姻挤压下农村流动人口的生育性别偏好——基于相对剥夺感视角的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国的出生性别比偏高持续了三十年,婚姻挤压问题日益凸现,大规模的城乡人口流动则加剧了婚姻挤压问题及其社会影响的严重性与复杂性。受制度与非制度因素影响,农村流动人口在城市处于社会底层,易遭遇成婚困难、诱发相对剥夺感,可能对生育偏好产生重要影响。本文基于相对剥夺感视角,对2009年福建省X市外来农村流动人口调查数据的分析发现,婚姻挤压对农村流动人口的生育性别偏好的观念与行为均无显著影响,但相对剥夺感对生育性别偏好行为有显著影响。本研究有助于理解婚姻挤压与相对剥夺感对农村流动人口生育性别偏好演化的特殊作用,对国家调整生育政策、提高流动人口计生服务与管理、促进性别平等有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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现有子女的孩次性别结构是影响女性再生育的重要因素。使用中国2000年人口普查数据和时期孩次性别递进生育指标对女性生育水平进行了测算。结果显示,女性普遍生育但终身只生育一个孩子的比例很大,基于孩次性别结构的生育行为体现了男孩偏好;城市和镇在生育第一孩时就存在性别选择;第一个孩子是女孩的女性生育二孩的可能性较大,且二孩是男孩的比例显著大于是女孩的比例;第一个孩子是男孩的城市和镇的女性大部分不再生育,而农村女性有很大比例会生育二孩,但几乎不存在性别选择。采用某地区2019年的数据进行补充验证,同样发现:只有一个女孩的女性相比较只有一个男孩的女性生育者生第二孩的可能性要高很多,以上研究发现对当前二孩生育行为具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
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Using data from two surveys in three counties where the prevalence of uxorilocal marriage differs greatly, this paper analyzes impact of marriage form, individual, family, and social factors on fertility and its regional differences. The results show that, under the Chinese patrilineal joint family system, uxorilocal marriage does not universally increase fertility, which is likely to be determined by other factors. It is further found that fertility differs greatly in the three regions, and is significantly lower in regions where uxorilocal marriage is common than in regions where virilocal marriage is dominant. Women’s marriage cohort, age at first marriage, and number of sisters all have significant effects on fertility. These findings address the process and consequences of change in rural family and marriage customs during the current demographic and social transition. 相似文献
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通过对湘北夏村的数据统计和个案访谈,研究发现夏村的招赘婚姻在2000年以后迅速衰落,新型的"两头住"婚姻模式大量出现。"两头住"婚姻模式具有提高赘婿地位、兼顾双方父母、代际关系柔和、家庭关系和谐等特点。在村落社会中,国家计划生育政策、女性婚姻自主权、子代和父代的理性考量等因素共同促成了招赘婚姻的以上变化。文章最后对学界观点进行简要讨论和回应,期待对招赘婚姻变迁有一个更为深刻的理解。 相似文献
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中国农村社区招赘婚姻研究——松滋县婚姻模式深访和个访分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文利用湖北省松滋县婚姻模式深访和个访的调查数据与资料 ,较系统地研究了中国农村汉族地区招赘婚姻的历史、现状与未来 ,以定性方法分析了当地招赘婚姻的成因、内容、特点和对家庭关系和家庭养老的影响 ,探讨了它的社会意义 相似文献
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本文根据2010年中国人民大学“家庭及生育状况研究调查”数据,分析我国农村广泛存在的家族制度对男孩偏好的影响。结论认为,家族制度约束力的三个部分:宗族势力、婚嫁模式和传宗接代观念对男孩偏好具有显著影响。其中,婚嫁模式对男孩偏好的影响程度最高。 相似文献
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Wang J 《Asian and Pacific population forum / East-West Population Institute, East-West Center》1990,4(3):1-12, 27-8
Fertility preference being related to government policy in China, women generally understate their desired family size when questioned directly. A binomial probit model is, therefore, presented to estimate the probability that family-size preferences in Shifang County, Sichuan, China, are understated. The model provides estimates on the percentage of respondent understatement along with the number of children, women of different ages and social characteristics truly desire. Women's preferences for sons versus daughters are also examined. The study found that women desire on average 1/2 more children than that which they state. Understating was in greatest evidence among urban, educated, and younger women more sensitive to the government's 1-child policy. Preference for sons was found to be weaker than expected, yet strong nonetheless in rural areas among women desiring only 1 child. Sons are considered to cause more worry for parents in China due to an aggressive, risk-taking nature. Possible explanations for the decline of son preference include increasing familial costs for sons' betrothment and marriage, changing household structures, and increasing status of and job opportunities for women in Chinese society. In closing, the paper highlights that couples restrict marital fertility out of interest for national prosperity and the welfare of future generations, not personal preference for small families. Were government policy to relax, fertility would rise to preferred levels. 相似文献
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中国的男孩偏好和婚姻挤压——初婚与再婚市场的综合分析 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
中国强烈的男孩偏好和对女性的歧视导致了婚姻市场上严重的男性婚姻挤压。本文使用中国2000年普查数据和所预测的2001~2050年人口数据,结合初婚和再婚市场设计了度量婚姻挤压的指标,测度了2001~2050年中国的婚姻挤压程度,考察了男孩偏好和再婚因素对中国未来婚姻挤压的影响。结果表明未来中国婚姻市场每年有10%~15%男性过剩人口,达到120万人。男孩偏好导致的高出生性别比显著影响未来婚姻市场,而再婚人口对婚姻市场上过剩人口也有显著影响。 相似文献
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Much research has been done on demographic manifestations of son preference, particularly girls’ excess mortality; however,
there is less research that focuses on son preference itself. This paper analyzes the determinants of son preference in rural
India. We separate the independent, relative effects of characteristics of individual women and their households, village
opportunities for women and village development, and social norms. We look at both socioeconomic and sociocultural variables.
Finally, we examine whether predictors of son preference differ by desired family size. Our data come from the National Family
Health Survey (NFHS) India, 1992–1993. We use an ordered logit model, with dummy variables for state of residence. Our analysis
shows that women’s education, particularly at secondary and higher levels, is consistently and significantly associated with
weaker son preference, regardless of desired family size. Once factors measuring social norms, such as marriage customs, caste
and religion, are included, economic wealth and women’s employment at household or village levels are not significant. Media
access remains significant, suggesting an influence of “modernizing” ideas. Among social factors, caste and religion are associated
with son preference but, once state of residence is controlled for, marriage patterns and cultivation patterns are insignificant.
The strength and significance for son preference of many determinants differs by desired family size. Our results suggest
that policy makers seeking to influence son preference need to identify and target different policy levers to women in different
fertility and social contexts, rather than try an approach of one size that fits all. 相似文献
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Ying Hong 《Population studies》2013,67(3):329-341
Using a sample of couples drawn from the three provinces of Guangdong, Shandong, and Shaanxi, we investigated whether couples’ increasing freedom to choose whom to marry influenced the timing of first birth in rural China during the four decades before the 1990s. The shortening of first-birth intervals in the period is found to be associated with the shift from arranged to free-choice marriages. The association is attributed largely to increased intimacy and coital frequency after marriage together with postponement of age at first marriage. 相似文献