加快衡水城市建设 对接首都经济圈对策研究

衡水已纳入环首都绿色经济圈,应以特色产业为龙头大力发展经济,改善生态环境,建设生态文明,促进精神文明建设,不断完善社会保障体系建设等几个方面来对接首都经济圈,提升环首都经济圈的魅力。     

国外发展环境友好型社会相关经验的借鉴与启示

建设环境友好型社会作为环境法的一个价值目标，是建设和谐社会的一个重要方面。通过探讨国外环境友好型社会建设的演变过程，总结对中国建设环境友好型社会具有借鉴意义的成功经验，提出我国建设环境友好型社会的具体措施。     

釜底抽薪 取消水箱

十七大报告提出"必须把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略突出位置,落实到每个单位、每个家庭". 毫无疑问,节水当然是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的一个重要方面.     

河北省环首都经济圈区域农业产业化发展策略研究

河北省环首都经济圈与北京农业方面的合作是首要的战略选择。在分析河北省环首都经济圈农业产业化现状的基础上,进一步阐述了河北省环首都经济圈农业产业化的发展优势和农业产业化发展中存在的问题,提出了推动河北省环首都经济圈农业产业化发展的策略。     

江苏的“两型”城市建设

按照中央对江苏21世纪头21年率先全面建成小康社会、率先基本实现现代化"两个率先"的发展战略定位,江苏积极贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持走有江苏特点的新型城市化道路,切实加强资源节约型、环境友好型的"两型"城市建设,积极推进无锡资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设试点,取得了可     

河北拟环绕北京建设近1000公里特区经济圈

11月11日,河北省在京召开＂环首都经济圈规划编制座谈会＂,启动环首都经济圈规划方案的意见征集。按照河北省公布的环首都经济圈产业发展实施意见,涿州、涞水等13个县（市、区）由于紧邻北京,交通便利,划人环首都经济圈规划范围内。     

浅谈中职环境工程专业教学模式的实践与探索

党的十七大提出了建设生态文明的概念。作为经济较发达的地区之一,江苏省苏州市认真贯彻落实＂环保优先＂的理念,不断推动资源节约型、环境友好型社会的建设,目标是到2010年,形成以政府为主导、企业为主体、全社会共同推进的节能减排工作格局,使能源资源利用效率大幅提高,污染物排放强度持续下降,环境质量进一步提升,初步建成资源节约型、环境友好型生态示范区。     

“两型社会”建设背景下的小城镇规划建设——以长株潭城市群为例

2007年底．国家批准武汉城市圈和长株潭城市群为全国资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设综合配套改革试验区,至此资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设成为国家发展战略层面的一项重要改革探索。长株潭城市群的发展上升到国家发展战略层面,获得推进新型城镇化和新型工业化综合配套改革先行先试试验权,     

衡水县域经济由资源消耗型向环境友好型转变的策略研究

环境友好型经济是经济可持续发展的必然选择,县域经济的发展也必须如此。这就要提高公众的环境友好型经济意识,完善相应的法律政策,提高能源利用率,鼓励再循环的技术创新和运用,建设循环经济体系,鼓励绿色消费。     

绿色大学校园规划设计——以辽宁对外经贸学院为例

近年来,我国的改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,但也付出了较大的能源资源和生态环境代价.党和政府高度重视经济社会的可持续发展,十七大报告特别强调要在科学发展观的指导下,转变经济发展方式,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,所以建设绿色大学校园,是构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会的重要举措之一.辽宁对外经贸学院在学校建设过程中,围绕绿色大学校园建设主体,依据因地制宜的原则,充分保护和利用原有地形地貌,统筹考虑建筑生命周期内节能、节地、节水、节材、保护环境和建筑功能的辩证关系,以节约使用资源和提高资源利用效率为核心,积极探索绿色大学校园建设的新思路、新举措.     

Social Capital,Place of Residence,and College Attendance1

The relationship between social interaction and college attendance is examined across varying types of communities. Structural arrangements and interaction patterns that foster positive relationships are regarded as social capital and are conceptualized as investments that can yield human capital returns in terms of higher educational attainment. Logistic regression procedures are employed to analyze data from the High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study. The social capital model of college attendance is estimated for the full sample and separately for high school students living in urban, suburban, and rural communities. Predicted probabilities of attending college for students with high and low social capital are obtained. Results of these analyses indicate that parental expectation of college attendance is the most powerful predictor of subsequent college attendance among variables examined. Measures of community social capital and parental human capital also strongly predict attendance.     

Building ‘community’ for different stages of life: physical and social infrastructure in master planned communities

As cities around the world struggle to cope with increasing populations, major new master planned housing developments are being undertaken to meet the demand for housing. Such urban developments are influencing workforce, household, and community relations, which in turn drive health and well-being outcomes, and affect social capital and labour market participation. This paper reports findings from the first phase of data collection for the Work, Home and Community Project. Fourteen focus groups were conducted with 68 men and women who live and/or work at newly developed master planned communities in South Australia and Victoria. Findings indicate that familiarity, availability, and the enabling of social bridges contribute to the development of community and social capital in these residential areas. For individuals at different stages of life these factors were facilitated or inhibited by specific physical and social infrastructures in the residential area and the workplace. At a time when concerns are being raised about the ability of people to combine work, home, and community these findings shed some light on the physical and social infrastructures that can enable or constrain the building of healthy communities.     

Summer programming in rural communities: unique challenges

During the past several decades, child poverty rates have been higher in rural than in urban areas, and now 2.5 million children live in deep poverty in rural America. Studies indicate that poor children are most affected by the typical "summer slide." Summer programming has the ability to address the issues of academic loss, nutritional loss, and the lack of safe and constructive enrichment activities. However, poor rural communities face three major challenges in implementing summer programming: community resources, human capital, and accessibility. The success of Energy Express, a statewide award-winning six-week summer reading and nutrition program in West Virginia, documents strategies for overcoming the challenges faced by poor, rural communities in providing summer programs. Energy Express (1) uses community collaboration to augment resources and develop community ownership, (2) builds human capital and reverses the acknowledged brain drain by engaging college students and community volunteers in meaningful service, and (3) increases accessibility through creative transportation strategies. West Virginia University Extension Service, the outreach arm of the land-grant institution, partners with AmeriCorps, a national service program, and various state and local agencies and organizations to implement a program that produces robust results.     

Does Attitudinal Consensus Lead to Neighborhood Collaboration? An Exploratory Analysis of an Urban Community

This article examines whether high levels of attitudinal consensus on community needs and civic responsibilities among a community's residents are associated with effective collaborative efforts among that community's neighborhood associations. Drawing upon both quantitative and qualitative data from an evaluation of an umbrella organization in an urban community, the authors found only a weak connection between attitudinal consensus, which was strong to moderate on most issues, and effective neighborhood association collaboration. The authors conclude that attitudinal consensus may be a necessary first step toward building effective collaboration but is far from sufficient to foster meaningful and stable partnerships. The authors explore the reasons for the lack of effective collaboration, offer suggestions for addressing barriers to collaboration, and discuss the implications of the findings for community building initiatives that aim to build social capital, particularly across “difference,” in distressed and diverse urban communities.     

NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE, SOCIAL CAPITAL, STREET CONTEXT, AND YOUTH VIOLENCE

This article integrates arguments from three perspectives on the relationship between communities and crime—constrained residential choices, social capital, and street context perspectives—to specify a conceptual model of community disadvantage and the violence of individual adolescents. Specifically, we propose that status characteristics (e.g., race, poverty, female headship) restrict the residential choices of families. Residence in extremely disadvantaged communities, in turn, increases the chances of violent behavior by youths by influencing the development and maintenance of community and family social capital, and by influencing the chances that youths are exposed to a criminogenic street context. We assess our conceptual model using community contextual and individual-level data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Our findings suggest that individual or family status characteristics influence violence largely because of the communities in which disadvantaged persons and families reside. Although we find that community social capital does not predict individual violence, both family social capital and measures of an alternative street milieu are strong predictors of individual violence. Moreover, our street context variables appear to be more important than the social capital variables in explaining how community disadvantage affects violence.     

Social Capital and Participation in Community Improvement Activities by Elderly Residents in Small Towns and Rural Communities*

Abstract This study critically reviews theoretical concepts and measurements of social capital and tests hypotheses that elaborate how four dimensions of social capital (informal social ties, formal social ties, trust, and norms of collective action) and sense of community are related to participation in community improvement activities for elderly residents in small towns and rural communities. Mail surveys of 2,802 elders in 99 small towns and rural communities in Iowa reveal that many elders are actively involved in their community. Social capital and sense of community are very important in predicting elderly participation in community improvement activities, but they relate differently to elderly community involvement. Formal ties and sense of community have much stronger relationships with community involvement than informal ties and norms of collective action. Generalized trust is not significantly related to elderly community involvement.     

Social housing estates and sustainable community development in South Korea

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics and problems of social housing estates in South Korea, and to explore sustainable community development issues. In order to examine the social housing situation, a survey of the three social housing communities in Seoul was conducted. The survey evidence demonstrates that there is a growing stigma against the poor and social exclusion. This kind of social bias is likely to escalate the construction of social housing estates, which the poor concentrates in. Residents recognized that mixing public and private housing would be an issue and problematic. Public housing was thought to have a negative impact on the neighborhood. It is important to examine why these kinds of social problems arise. Applying the concept of social sustainability to low-income communities in urban Korea requires mobilizing residents and their governments to strengthen all forms of community capital.     

Resisting motorization in Guangzhou

Private motorization has accompanied unprecedented urbanization in China, as a matter of public policy. Planning at the provincial and city levels has supported the rapid build-up of the private car fleet in major cities through the development of regional and urban highway networks, higher capacity local streets and much higher standards for car parking in new developments. By contrast, urban planning until 1994 concentrated on the building of community and the support for a non-motorized lifestyle. Guangzhou experienced particularly rapid city-building during this period because it was at the centre of the market reforms launched in 1978. The communities that were built form a broad ring around the historic core of the city, constituting one of the most significant obstacles to government ambitions to maintain the recent growth rates in car ownership. Guangyuan and Jiangnanxi are examples of such middle-class, home-owning communities where daily life remains almost exclusively non-motorized. Self-organized groups in the community are increasingly vocal and active in their demands to enhance local environmental quality and restrict local motorization. Local municipal authorities, although increasingly active and autonomous, try to strike a balance between government objectives and local demands. The application of motorization illustrates the growing gap between high-level policy and grassroots urban planning in Guangzhou.     

Social capital and disasters: How does social capital shape post-disaster conditions in the Philippines?

ABSTRACT

Social capital is a common feature among disaster-resilient communities. This research aims to define how social capital shapes the post-disaster conditions in the 2011 Typhoon Washi-affected communities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City in Region 10 Philippines. Qualitative analysis was used in analyzing the data gathered through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews. Thirty typhoon survivors and 14 focal persons of the government and non-government agencies were chosen based on their active involvement in the community. The findings revealed that the solidarity among typhoon-affected communities contributed to the recovery of the survivors. The findings also highlighted that the solidarity in the typhoon-affected communities is part of the normative structure of the society where bonding and linking social capital are nurtured. Further, the community remains to believe that their respective local officials can be trusted and are capable of helping them in times of need despite the shortcomings during the 2011 Typhoon Washi. We argue that social capital in the community is not easily diminished over a crisis and therefore must be nurtured towards effective community-based disaster resilience mechanisms.     

Social Capital and Communities of Place1

Abstract This paper develops a framework for examining the questions: Does social capital make a difference for well being in communities of place? How might rural sociologists utilize social capital to further well being in communities? The author reviews social capital literature, contrasting rational choice and embeddedness perspectives. Opting for a marriage between embeddedness and conflict theory, he introduces entrepreneurial social infrastructure (ESI) as an alternative to social capital. ESI adds to social capital the notions of equality, inclusion, and agency. Research results are presented which support the embeddedness approach: community-level action (the community field) is not simply an aggregation of individual or organizational actions within the community; social capital and ESI contribute jointly and independently to community action. Examining economic development as a form of collective action, the author concludes?the following: a) ESI contributes to economic development, and b) inclusiveness (internal solidarity) is more closely related to community self-development while industrial recruitment is better predicted by strong external ties.