网络社会在社会结构中的"位置"

无论是把网络社会视为“现实社会的延伸”(戚攻,2001)、或一种“全新的社会存在方式”(童星等,2002)、一种“我们潜在的家”(埃瑟·戴森,1998),还是视为一种“流动空间”、“另类空间”(M.卡斯特尔,2001;胡泳,1999)等等,都表明网络社会(Network Society)作为一种社会实存已为学界认同。然而,关于网络社会的已有研究,主要在于探讨它的虚拟性特征,以及“人在两种互动环境中”的活动及方式的差异性;而对于网络社会这种“实存”在社会结构中的“位置”,以及它与现实社会结构的关系的研究,却是较为薄弱的,笔者拟从这一方面解析网络社会。     

类型电影概念及特征

类型是一个在成熟的电影工业语境中生发出来的概念,是一种折射社会、历史观念变迁的文化形式,可将类型电影视为一个由影片制作者、影片和观众构成的三角形关系。本文从本文特征、与观众的关系、社会文化功能三方面论述类型电影的特征。本文认为特征表识是认识类型电影的起点,类型电影是制作者与观众的一种交流,是一种文化形式,具有一定的社会文化功能。     

Physically Abused Children: Activity as a Therapeutic Medium

Physical abuse of children has been a widely recognized problem of society since the 1960s. There is a plethora of research regarding the outcomes and "treatment," but the focus is the immediate alleviation of the situation not the outcomes which follow for the child. Major consequences of these traumatic experiences are described and therapeutic activities used to aid children in recovery are related.     

Social Work as an Aspect of Primary Health Care: The Social Workers' View

Summary This study is based on an analysis of social workers' viewsof their work with 168 clients referred over a six month periodin 1977 in a health centre setting. A wide range of referralswas made and there was close collaboration with other primaryhealth care professionals as well as outside agencies. Far morepsycho-social problems were encountered by the social workersin the course of their intervention than were apparent on referral,although most of the work was short term. Social work with theindividual predominated and a variety of traditional socialwork skills were employed, although the elderly received relativelylittle help with emotional problems and were offered mainlypractical help. Social workers' perceptions of their clientsare discussed in relation to their choice of methods of interventionand feelings of efficacy. The attachment scheme emerges as generallyfruitful both in terms of social workers' job satisfaction andclients benefitting from a multi-disciplinary approach; howeverthe need for closer inter-professional collaboration in meetingthe needs of the elderly is highlighted.     

中国类型电影的生存与发展

类型电影生产制作的缺失是中国电影陷入困境的原因之一。本文从(类型电影的生存条件、制作基础、动力资源)三个层面探讨中国类型电影的生存和发展,建议建立产业化电影体制,树立完整的类型观念,按照类型电影规律及市场需求拍摄影片,进而形成自己的制作规范,达到一定的总体规模。     

全球化时代美国类型电影的发展趋势

全球化时代美国类型电影在古典类型框架基础上呈现出混杂的趋势。这种趋势体现在两个方面:一是有着持续发展历史的类型不断吸收借鉴来自于高科技、电影艺术探索、青年流行文化等领域的成果,形成类型的新标识;二是打破不同类型之间的界限与成规,进行类型的杂糅与滑稽模仿。前者是美国类型电影在原来基础上的稳步发展,后者实现了类型电影在全球化时代的复兴。     

Liquid Social Work: Welfare Interventions as Mobile Practices

This paper re-examines the nature of social work from the perspectiveof movement and ‘mobilities’. It shows that socialwork is at all times ‘on the move’, yet theory andanalyses of policy and practice largely depict it as static,solid and sedentarist. The paper draws on the ‘new mobilitiesparadigm’ (Sheller and Urry, 2006), through which a concernwith flows and movements of people, objects, information, practices,speed and rhythm, with complexity, fluid images and liquid metaphors,is moving to the centre of social theory. An understanding ofthe ‘liquid’, mobile character of social work meansproducing accounts which are much closer to what its practicesare, how and where they are performed and experienced by serviceusers and professionals, and the opportunities and risks inherentto them. Three key domains of practice—the home visit,the car journey and the office/organization—are examinedin terms of the movements that go on in them. Viewed throughsystemic and complexity theories, it is shown that social workinterventions in late-modernity are best understood in termsof a flow of mobile practices between public and private worlds,organizations and the home, at the heart of which is the sensualbody of the practitioner on the move.     

Keeping Social Work Honest: Evaluating as Profession and Practice

Correspondence to Ian Shaw, School of Social and Administrative Studies, University of Wales Cardiff, 50 Park Place, Cardiff CF1 3AT Summary The central argument of this paper is that social work needsa radical alternative to existing options for evaluating practice.Social workers at present are offered three choices. They areinvited to choose between applying research, conducting researchor adopting specific forms of empirical research-based practice(for example Everitt et al., 1992; Thyer. 1993; Fuller and Petch,1995). We touch briefly on reasons why we believe none of these optionsprovides an adequate grounding for social work, referring especiallyto the growing call for social work to find new purpose throughan empirical, research-based practice. If alternative approachesare to be persuasive, they must be fashioned from the materialsof a new approach to research on social work practice—‘one that is exploratory rather than confirmatory, buildinga model of evaluation from the practitioners' own accounts ratherthan superimposing an ideal model’ (Elks and Kirkhart,1993, p. 555). The major part of this paper is taken up withevidence from research of this kind. The model of evaluatingin practice with which we conclude the paper is simultaneouslytrue to social workers' accounts of their practice, while offeringa critical starting point for evaluating and refashioning thatpractice.     

Research as Social Work: Participatory Research in Learning Disability

The social-work literature has already made links between socialwork and research, and has argued in favour of practitioner–research.This paper turns the argument around and looks at how researchcan come to look and feel like social work. This happens particularly,but not exclusively, in participatory research in the learning-disabilityfield, especially in auto/biographical or life-story research,where long-term research relationships are more in evidence.Drawing on the participatory research methodology literature,and her own oral and life-history research, the author exploresthe areas in which research comes to emulate social-work practice.There are, of course, practical and ethical issues to be addressedand, as the author concludes, safeguards are needed to clarifyroles and foster openness in research relationships.     

The Group-in-Situation as the Unit of Attention in Social Work with Groups

Group practice theory has focused largely on the internal life of the group, assuming an "average expectable" group environment. However, if the group-in-situation is delineated as the unit of attention, another position is made explicit: namely that group situations are differentiated and must be incorporated with the group in both the analytical and interventive tasks of practice. This later position is more congruent with the realities of current practice in which social workers are addressing themselves to the potential for change on a variety of levels, individual to societal. Thus a framework is proposed for broadening the theory base of group work. It advocates ecological, ethnomethodological, interpersonal and ideological perspectives for addressing the group-insituation. Its approach to practice adapts the concept of group development; the integration-differentiation processes associated with parallel growth; and the notion of environmental competence. The central focus throughout is the interface between the group and its situation.