Statistical materials,Part 1: natural increase of population in the USSR

Data are presented on the population of the USSR by sex and Union Republic as of January 1, 1983. Data are included on birth rate, death rate, and natural growth rate, 1981 and 1982; distribution of births, deaths, and marriages by month, 1982; distribution of births by birth order, 1982; age-specific birth rates by rural or urban area and Union Republic, 1981 and 1982; mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer, 1981 and 1982; marriages by age of bride and groom, 1982; and number of divorces by duration of marriage and age of husband and wife, 1982.     

ON THE CONVERGENCE RESULT FOR THE SUPERCRITICAL BELLMAN-HARRIS PROCESS1

It was proved in Cohn (1982) that for any finite offspring mean, supercritical Bellman-Harris process {Z(t)} there exist some norming constants {C(t)} such that {Z(t)/C(t)} converges almost surely to a non-degenerate random variable W. {C(t)} were defined to be the μ-quantiles of {Z(t)}. Schuh (1982) has given an alternative proof of this result, identifying C(t) as “the Seneta constants” 1/(-log F_t^(-1)(γ)), where F₁(γ) = E(γ^Z(t)). Both proofs are long and complicated. It will be shown here that a much simpler proof can be devised from Cohn (1982), if use is made of an elementarily proved property given in Schuh (1982).     

The Neutrality Properties of Competing Relative Price Models: Tests Using Linear Feedback

This article uses a variant of Geweke's (1982) linear feedback measure to test common characterizations of monetary neutrality implicit in classes of relative price models. The neutrality properties are defined in terms of relative price changes' response to monetary policy shocks in a system including average price changes, an interest rate, and industrial production growth. The magnitude and patterns of monetary feedback found in U.S. relative price data provide no support for any of the structurally neutral models.     

Developing Ridge Parameters for SUR Model

This paper proposes a number of procedures for developing new biased estimators of the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) parameters, when the explanatory variables are affected by multicollinearity. Several ridge parameters are proposed and then compared in terms of the trace mean squared error (TMSE) and (PR) criteria. The PR criterion is the proportion of replication (out of 1,000) for which the SUR version of the generalized least squares (SGLS) estimator has a smaller TMSE than others. The study was performed using Monte Carlo simulations where the number of equations in the system, the number of observations, the correlation among equations, and the correlation between explanatory variables have been varied. For each model, we performed 1,000 replications. Our results show that under certain conditions some of the proposed SUR ridge parameters, (R _Sgeom , R _Skmed , R _Sqarith , and R _Sqmax ), performed well when compared, in terms of TMSE and PR criteria, with other proposed and popular existing ridge parameters. In large samples and when the collinearity between the explanatory variables is not high, the unbiased SUR estimator (SGLS), performed better than the other ridge parameters.     

A parametric approach to theory of competing risks when the time of death from each cause follows a change-point hazard rate model

The paper a t tempts t o make i n f e r e n c e about the component parameters, based on data from a series system, when the components each follow a different changepoint hazard r a t e model.The paper extends the result of Nattbews and Farewell (1982) to the competing risk framework.     

The identification of distribution form II

The concept of distribution form developed in Brenner and Fraser (1980) is modified and extended to cover the more general context involving a class of distribution for form. This extension underlies the choice of a particular structural model for the three-parameter Weibull in Evans, Fraser and Massam (1982). The extended definition of distribution form is based on the requirement of objectivity in modelling (Fraser 1979). Three characterizations of this objectivity each require that the class of response presentations have closure under composition and thus be expressible in terms of a group. In particular, this implies that empirical support would not observationally be available for that generalization of a structural model called astructured model (Fraser 1972; the term functional model has been used inappropriately by Bunke, 1975 and Dawid and Stone, 1982).     

人力资源的测度及其在生产函数中的应用——以陕西省为例

测度一个地区人力资源的储量对合理开发本地区人力资源以实现经济长远发展具有重要的现实意义。通过大量数据调查,构建了陕西省人才资源指数体系,测定陕西省人力资源的存量,进一步利用永续盘存法测算了陕西省各期资本存量,在此基础上给出了陕西省生产函数的确切表达。分析表明：陕西省在1982-2004年期间的生产函数是规模报酬递增的,并且经济发展呈资本拉动型状态,人力资本对经济发展的支撑与拉动作用微弱。     

On the distribution of hotelling's t2 and multiple correlation r2when sampling from a mixture of two normals

In this paper the non-null distribution of Hotelling's T² and the null distribution of multiple correlation R² are derived when the sample is taken from a mixture of two p-component multivariate normal distributions with mean vectors μ₁ and μ₂ respectively and common covariance matrix ∑, ∑. In a special case the non-null distribution of R² is a l s o given, while the general noncentral distribution is given i n Awan (1981). These results have been used to study the robustness of T² and R² tests by Srivastava and Awan (1982), and Awan and Srivastava (1982) respectively.     

Population censuses in China

The author provides a historical overview of census-taking in China. The 1953 and 1964 censuses are briefly described, then 1982 census methodology and results are covered in more detail. The results of the 1982 and 1990 censuses are summarized and compared.     

Generalized method of moments for an extended gamma process

In reliability theory, a widely used process to model the phenomena of the cumulative deterioration of a system over time is the standard gamma process (SGP). Based on several restrictions, such as a constant variance-to-mean ratio, this process is not always a suitable choice to describe the deterioration. A way to overcome these restrictions is to use an extended version of the gamma process introduced by Cinlar (1980), which is characterized by shape and scale functions. In this article, the aim is to propose statistical methods to estimate the unknown parameters of parametric forms of the shape and scale functions. We here develop two generalized methods of moments (Hansen 1982 Hansen, L. P. 1982. Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators. Econometrica 50 (4):1029–54.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), based either on the moments or on the Laplace transform of an extended gamma process. Asymptotic properties are provided and a Wald-type test is derived, which allows to test SGPs against extended ones with a specific parametric shape function. Also, the performance of the proposed estimation methods is illustrated on simulated and real data.     

A quadratic programming approach to the construction of simultaneous confidence intervals

Richmond (1982) uses a linear programming approach to the construction of simultaneous confidence intervals for a set of linear estimable parametric functions of the normal mean vector. We present a quadratic programming approach which constructs narrower confidence intervals than the linear programming approach given by Richmond (1982).     

Testing the equality of variance-covariance matrices the robust way

The robust statistic T² _Dproposed by Tiku and Singh (1982) for testing the equality of mean vectors of two mu1 t ivariate populations is modified to test the equality of variance-covariance matrices.     

Admissible estimators in finite population sampling employing various types of prior information

We consider some estimators of the total and variance of a finite population from Bayesian and pseudo-Bayesian perspectives. Recently, Meeden and Ghosh (1982a, 1982b) have provided quite simple but powerful tools for proving admissibility of estimators and estimator-design pairs is finite population sampling problems. We consider what these techniques yield in the way of admissibility results for the estimators discussed.     

A comment on mckay's approximation for the coefficient of variation

Some clarification of statistics based on McKay's x² approximation for the distribution of the sample coefficient of variation is presented. The conclusions of Warren (1982) are shown to result from the confusion of two definitions for the sample coefficient of variation.