Man-boy friendships on trial: on the shift in the discourse on boy love in the early twentieth century

Ideas on man-boy friendships prevailing in early 20th century Germany are analyzed in this paper. The friendships based on the concept of pedagogical Eros, as propagated by Gustav Wyneken (1875-1964) in his Wickersdorf Free School Community, are presented as an example. Wyneken's conviction in 1921 for acts of vice with minors and the diverse reactions in the homosexual and youth movements and the popular press shed light on the viewpoints then held regarding these friendships. As a result of this confrontation, the Platonic model was superseded by the medico-sexological model which has continued to dominate thought on man-boy friendships up to the present day.     

“男孩偏好”的家族制度影响研究

本文根据2010年中国人民大学“家庭及生育状况研究调查”数据,分析我国农村广泛存在的家族制度对男孩偏好的影响。结论认为,家族制度约束力的三个部分：宗族势力、婚嫁模式和传宗接代观念对男孩偏好具有显著影响。其中,婚嫁模式对男孩偏好的影响程度最高。     

A note on the time spent on the journey to work

The notions that most people travel to the center of the city to work and that the farther out they live the longer it takes are only appropriate for middle-sized cities. In larger urban areas, many people work outside the center, and it is the speed of travel which most affects the time that it takes to get to work. As a result, those who live in the central cities of the twelve largest metropolitan areas spend the longest time getting to work and back, because the closer one is to the center and the larger the urban area, the slower the travel speeds.     

上海人口老龄化对消费水平的影响研究

老龄化已成为严重影响上海经济社会发展的突出因素.在分析上海市人口老龄化的进程与主要特征,指出人口老龄化对消费需求的影响路径的基础上,关注上海市城乡居民消费水平的变动情况,运用上海市1978年-2013年有关人口年龄结构、消费水平以及相关经济发展的时间序列数据,分析上海市人口老龄化与居民消费水平两者之间的关系以及对居民消费水平构成影响的其他因素,研究表明:人均消费水平、人均GDP、人均可支配收入与老年人口比重之间存在线性相关关系,人口老龄化对消费水平的影响呈负向影响.而人口老龄化对居民消费水平的负向影响将会给社会经济生活等带来诸多意义深远的问题.物价指数、人口自然增长率以及劳动人口比重等对城镇居民消费水平的作用并不显著.     

以从业人为本转变经济发展方式研究

转变经济发展方式关键在人,要以从业人为本。从业人的经济行为决定经济发展方式,是转变经济发展方式的主要当事者。应明确责任,采取有力的激励方式,发挥行业协会的促进作用。加强公共服务与监督,进行广泛宣传教育。加快我国经济发展方式的根本转变。     

Written on the Body

The author considers two recent prize-winning films by women directors (one British and one American) with similar, if not identical themes. Placing them in the category first defined by David Considine as “the cinema of adolescence” the author considers the filmic traditions from which they arise. In both of the films under consideration—Fish Tank and Girlfight—the young female protagonists attempt to resist or subvert socially imposed restrictions. The author considers the way the entrapment of the working-class teenage girls at the centre of these films is represented by non-professional “actresses” selected because they come from the same milieu of run-down sections of cities as their on-screen characters. She explores the way in which these two writer-directors use their actresses to embody on screen issues of class, gender, ethnicity, and culture, and the near-impossible routes out of poverty. To do so, the author utilises theories from sociology, feminist theories of the body, as well as theories derived from film studies to examine these politically driven films.     

关于外来人口分母效应的再讨论

本文就梁秋生对京津沪的外来人口分母效应检验提出的反质疑做出说明,并补充了采用新的划分口径和采用其他数据进一步检验的结果。新划分口径的检验和更大数据样本的检验仍然表明京津沪三城市中外来人口分母效应并不像他所推算得那样显著,本地妇女的总和生育率仍显著低于1·0。本文还指出了梁秋生在计算北京平均生育年龄变化时的错误、以及他在把握生育年龄变化方面的误解,并探讨了在理解当前总体生育水平方面时生育进度效应与外来人口分母效应的层面问题,以及外来人口分母效应能够得以体现的必要条件问题。本文将梁秋生对京津沪外来人口分母效应推算中应用的假设与五普1‰样本数据的相应统计结果进行了具体比较,指出他在推导在校学生性别年龄分布时可能产生的漏洞及其影响。     

中国老年人的劳动参与状况及影响因素研究

本文利用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,采用逻辑斯蒂多元回归分析,探讨性别、年龄、婚姻状态、健康状况、受教育程度、社会保险等因素对城乡老年人劳动参与可能性的影响。研究结果发现:缓解经济压力是老年人劳动的主要原因,但社会参与成为高学历城市老年人群参与劳动的重要动机;良好的身体状况提高了老年人劳动的可能性,对农村和男性老人的影响尤为突出,经济状况较差的老年人表现出更强的劳动参与倾向。     

Report on the Work of the Government

Following are main excerpts of the Report on theWork of the Government delivered by Premier WenJiabao at the Second Session of the Tenth NationalPeople‘s Congress on March 5, 2004. --Editor     

制约农村养老社会化发展的因素分析

我国农村养老社会化既是养老制度发展的客观规律,也是我国农村经济和社会发展的客观要求。但是,事实上,我国农村养老社会化程度偏低,其原因在于我国农村存在着种种制约养老社会化发展的因素。加快农村养老社会化发展的措施主要是转变传统的家庭养老观念,健全社会养老法律制度,社会养老与农业政策紧密结合,加大国家经济支持力度,理顺社会养老管理体制,分层次、循序渐进地完善农村社会养老制度。     

影响我国非农产业就业的三种效应分析

我国非农产业是拉动就业的主要部分,非农产业拉动就业可以划分为三种效应:增长效应、强度效应和结构效应。本文通过对我国改革开放以来三种非农就业效应的分析,得出发展经济是促进就业的主要手段和改善就业结构促进就业的结论,并提出大力发展第三产业促进劳动力市场一体化的政策建议。     

试论人口对生态平衡的影响

从人口数量和人口素质两个方面分析了人口对生态平衡的影响。指出：维护生态平衡,必须坚定不移地坚持计划生育的基本国策,努力控制人口增长,提高人口素质。     

基于生态足迹模型的青海省人口与资源环境协调发展研究

论文从生活消费入手,采用修正生态足迹模型,评估青海省人口发展与资源环境协调水平。结果显示：2010年青海省城乡居民消费足迹小于人均生态承栽力,不存在生态赤字,但土地结构与生态承载力结构不对等．存在结构赤字。城镇居民人均消费足迹略高于农村居民,但全省城镇居民足迹总量低于农村居民：城镇不同收入组居民消费环境基尼系数小于收入基尼系数,消费占用生态环境资源相对公平;从消费项看,交通消费基尼系数最大,食品消费基尼系数最小。研究提出培养可持续消费观念,引导绿色、健康和环境友好型的消费模式等建议措施。     

流动人口就业稳定性与劳动权益保护制度激励研究

我国拥有大规模的流动人口,大部分在城市第二、三产业中就业,其就业质量情况不佳,主要表现为:人力资本水平低、就业稳定性差、工作环境差、劳动权益保护不到位等.本文基于不完全契约理论中的GHM模型,在演化博弈视角下分析流动人口就业稳定性与劳动权益保护制度激励的关系,发现对于流动人口劳动权益制度保护对于流动人口就业稳定性有促进作用,同时通过佛山市南海区的实地调研数据进行了验证.     

Acting on the Body of the Audience

This paper studies the particularly restrictive context of patriarchal culture against the backdrop of the political dictatorship in Portugal in the middle of the twentieth century, in terms of its moral hegemony and the rigid boundaries that it imposed on gender roles. It is within this context that media reception was forced to find a space for interaction with everyday life. Based on biographic interviews with women born in the first decades of the Estado Novo dictatorship (1933–1974), some modes of receiving radio and television are discussed, along with the extent to which they constituted an adaptation of the then “new media” to deeply internalised censorship regimes of female and male behaviours and relationships between the genders. Further to the institutional censorship that strictly filtered content in the media in accordance with the regime’s official ideology, there was also, on the reception side, a system of stipulated, conditioned, and supervised practices that were marked by social and symbolic censorship producing what we call “gender-based censorship.” The analysis provides a new way of understanding the contexts inherited in the formation of our current identities, in terms of potential for women’s emancipation.     

女性二胎生育意愿的影响因素研究——基于就业性质和养老观念的视角

在人口政策改革背景下,育龄女性的二胎生育意愿是决定政策目标能否有效执行的重要因素.本文基于新制度理论框架,从正式制度和非正式制度两个维度,实证检验就业性质和养老观念对育龄女性二胎生育意愿的影响.结果表明:就业性质对女性二胎生育意愿的影响存在显著的群体差异,对于较年轻的“无子女”女性或“90”后女性,体制内就业对二胎生育意愿的影响表现为抑制作用,而对于年龄相对较大的“有孩”女性或“80”后女性,体制内就业的影响显著为正,呈现出体制庇护作用;持有“子女养老”观念的女性二胎生育意愿显著高于持有其他养老观念的女性,但是养老观念的影响会随着代际交替而逐渐减弱.     

基于产业-就业结构变迁的人力资本投资决策

国内外关于产业就业结构的变迁已有诸多论述。本文运用往年统计数据,对产业就业结构的存量、增量进行分析,研究了三大产业的就业弹性和产业就业结构的偏离度,发现第一产业存在着大量的需要转移的剩余劳动力,第二、三产业有能力吸纳更多的劳动力,由于第三产业的部分行业和第二产业的就业壁垒较高,加剧了我国的结构性失业问题。基于此研究结论,提出针对性的、明确的人力资本投资决策方向以调整产业一就业结构,促进就业。