新型集体经济的社会主义优越性和发展前景

在中国经济发展的新阶段,面临着许多棘手的大问题,如中国弱势群体的民生问题、破解中国城乡二元结构问题、中国城市化和农村城镇化问题、中国农民组织化问题以及“国计”与“民生”关系问题等等。研究表明,集体经济尤其是新型集体经济都与这些重大问题的有效解决具有密切关系,这些重大问题的推进解决都离不开新型集体经济的深度参与,甚至成为解决这些问题的主导力量或生力军。说明新型集体经济具有极大的社会主义优越性和潜在的发展前景。     

广州“村改居”面临的主要问题及解决思路

为适应城市化发展需要,近年来广州市逐渐推进"村改居"工作。在"村改居"进程中,面临着农民对"转居"愿望不强、"农转居"人员的社会保障水平偏低、原有的集体经济组织仍承担大量社会管理职责且负担较重、转制社区公共服务配套滞后、"农转居"人员再就业存在较多障碍、"城中村现象"仍然存在、集体经济组织产权制度改革和"公司化"转型困难等问题。本文针对广州"村改居"面临的主要问题提出解决思路与建议。     

广佛肇经济圈战略的幸福指数构建与幸福管理模型

和谐社会建设和城市化发展的内在要求其核心内容和终极价值导向是追求幸福。在快速发展的进程中由于片面追求经济增长和政绩,造成道德滑坡、信仰缺失和生态失衡等一系列问题,由此严重影响了城市化的和谐发展。广佛肇经济圈战略的构建要求以幸福为终极目标来发展城市化,通过幸福指数的构建和培育幸福管理的执政理念来践行科学发展观,这对推进广佛肇经济圈的进程以及构建社会主义和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。     

The impact of rapid population growth,expanding urbanisation,and other factors on development in sub-Saharan Africa: the contrasting responses of Tanzania and Kenya

This article analyzes the impact of the twin factors of rapid population growth and expanding urbanization on social and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa and compares policies that have been developed in Tanzania and Kenya in response to these factors. The principal consequences of overpopulation and overurbanization have been economic stagnation and physical and cultural malaise in urban population centers. Between 1960-80, per capita incomes in 19 countries of sub-Saharan Africa grew by less than 1%/year and 15 countries recorded a negative rate of growth in per capita income during the 1970s. Urban populations have increased at at overall rate of 6%/year as sub-Saharan Africans have migrated to cities in search of employment. Few national governments in the region have formulated longterm strategies to deal effectively with this double-faceted development constraint or have integrated new urban populations into the national economy. tanzania's development strategy is focused on the goals of socialism, rural development, and self-reliance. Urban development has remained a residual item in Tanzania's national development process, despite the fact that the urban population increased from 5.7% of the total population in 1967 to 12.7% in 1978 and is projected to comprise 24.7% by the year 2000. In contrast, Kenya, whose proportion of urban population increased from 9% to 15% between 1962 and 1979, has pursued an urban-focused development strategy. The strong urban-rural linkages of the economy have focused migration to the secondary towns. The national development plan includes urban spatial, employment, and investment policies. Although this plan constitutes a good basis for future planning, the magnitude of the urban problem is beyond the capabilities of the central government and requires the development of local capabilities.     

我国城市化发展及其对府际关系的影响

我国城市化的发展带来了一系列影响,在这些影响下我国府际关系也相应发生了一定变化。本文在介绍了改革开放前城市化缓慢发展和改革开放后城市化快速发展之后,指出城市化在几方面的影响：城市辐射范围扩大,市县之间行政壁垒清除;城区扩大,城市管理功能分散化;小城镇实力增强,县域经济发展壮大;城市集聚发展,城市群形成。最后指出了我国城市化带来的府际关系变化：市管县、撤县改区、省直管县、城市群发展促成政府间横向协调。     

城镇化下的行政区划战略调整——以河南省为例

城镇化水平是社会经济综合发展水平的客观反映。河南省作为我国的中原腹地,内陆发展高地,具有重要的战略地位。在分析河南省城镇化进程的现状、问题的基础上,通过人口推拉理论,根据城市有效辐射半径,对河南省行政区域进行拆分、重组、合并,进行行政区划再调整的研究,探索一条既可有效推动城镇化建设又可规避发展风险的新型城镇化之路。     

美国新型城市化对广东城市化的启示和思考

本文通过对美国城市化道路的回顾,提出美国城市化发展经历了传统城市化和新型城市化两个时期,并对各阶段城市化发展特征和问题进行总结,然后以城市社会经济发展与城市空间升级之间的关系为切入点,阐述美国在新型城市化时期所采取的空间措施与政策安排,最后结合广东城市化发展的现阶段特征,提出广东应大力推行城市化发展战略,以城市化统领社会经济发展,率先探索新型城市化发展模式。     

城市人口空间分散与经济增长——基于特大城市的实证分析

人口集聚产生规模效益,从而带来经济增长,这是大多数实证研究得到的结果,但随着城市规模的不断扩大,一系列城市问题逐渐凸显出来,对城市发展产生了一定影响。因此,越集聚是否越好逐渐成为研究的关注点。本研究从人口集聚的对立面——人口分散角度来探讨是否特大城市已出现集聚不经济。通过对34个特大城市的实证研究,结果发现人口分散对经济增长具有显著促进作用,也就意味着集聚可能对经济增长产生了副作用。研究还发现分散对经济增长不是一种持续的促进作用,而是呈现出倒U型趋势,即过度分散并不利于经济增长。     

市场主导下的快速城市化地区更新规划初探——以深圳市香蜜湖为例

快速城市化背景下,随着经济的快速增长和城市空间的不断拓展,通过城市更新进行存量土地资源的整合和潜力挖掘,已经成为实现城市社会经济可持续发展的重要途径。同时,深圳相对成熟的市场化环境也使得当地城市更新面临着更加复杂的局面。本文试图通过对深圳近年来城市更新规划实践的梳理,基于实证分析总结市场化背景下城市更新的经验和教训,为国内其他城市的城市更新实践提供一些参考。     

武汉市统筹城乡一体化发展研究

统筹城乡一体化发展是当前推动城乡经济社会发展的迫切任务。本文通过建立指标评估,发现武汉城乡一体化水平略高于城镇化水平;城乡人口、经济、生活和文化一体化进程中,城乡经济发展的差别最为明显,融合程度最低,而城乡居民生活方面则融合程度较高,人口与文化融合度持平。而城乡二元户籍制度、土地的合理开发利用及农民权益保障、农村公共服务投入不足、农村社会保障体系不完善是当前制约城乡一体化发展的重要瓶颈。文章从法律制度层面、财政层面及组织体制层面分析了破解城乡一体化发展瓶颈的重要举措。     

城市体育产业发展的根基与策略

现代体育是随着工业化和城市化而产生的,在整个工业化和城市化的进程中,体育始终在竞技、娱乐、健身、休闲等价值取向中得到普及。城市体育产业发展的最重要根基是城市体育文化。体育文化深入人心,体育产业才能持续发展。城市体育产业的发展还需要考虑与城市主题的契合,要注意构建体育文化和产业体系,要注意结合城市体育传统和经济实力来引进和推广体育项目。     

论中国城市化进程中的社会管理

城市化是世界发展的潮流。中国城市化是世界城市化的重要组成部分。城市是经济、政治和文化的中心,在社会文明进步中起着主导作用。城市问题也是社会问题,社会问题包含城市问题,城市问题寓于社会问题之中。加强和创新社会管理不能只单独地解决社会问题,必须把解决城市问题结合起来。同样地,解决城市问题也不能只单独地解决城市问题,必须与加强和创新社会管理结合起来。     

Spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization over the past three decades: a comparison between two large cities in Southwest China

China’s economic development over the past three decades has been remarkable due to the establishment of the “Reform and Opening-up” program. Meanwhile, urbanization, one of the most intensive human activities, has significantly changed the land cover across China. Here we used remote sensing data and landscape metrics to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization in two large Chinese cities, Chengdu (1978–2010) and Chongqing (1976–2010). Results suggested that urban land in both cities experienced a significant growth and became 9.8 and 6.3 times larger than the initial for Chengdu and Chongqing, respectively. The edge-expansion was the major urban growth form for both cities, accounting for more than 40 % of total three types (i.e., edge-expansion, infilling, and outlying) although fluctuating during the whole period. Both cities started a spurt growth in the 1990s although the starting times were different (1992 and 1996 for Chengdu and Chongqing, respectively) because of different policies. Spatial distribution of the newly developed urban lands was largely constrained by topography. Landscape analysis not only revealed an increasing fragmentation and complexity in the study area under the impact of urbanization, but also tested the hypothesis on urbanization patterns.     

珠三角与长三角两大城市群比较研究

近三十年来,珠江三角洲和长江三角洲的城市化进程迅速推进,并形成了规模庞大的城市群区域,但也存在发展不均衡等诸多问题。本文对这两个区域城市群的自然条件、经济发展状况以及城市化进程进行了对比分析,并提出了加快形成世界级大城市群的有关对策建议。     

Spatial disintegration and arable land security in Egypt: A study of small- and moderate-sized urban areas

While commonly associated with regional ‘mega-cities’, rapid urbanization in the less-developed world has also begun to define growth in small- and moderate-sized settlements on the periphery of major metropolitan areas. The dispersal of population growth to these smaller areas holds significant implications for environmental, economic, and social health, and threatens local food security, increases congestions, and induces difficulty in service provision. This study examines the effects of spatial disintegration and rapid urbanization in the stock of arable land in Egypt. To assess this issue, the study will meet three objectives. First, we evaluate the relationship between population growth and urban land cover expansion in small- and moderate-sized settlements in Egypt. Second, we consider the role of selected geographic determinants in influencing the growth of these areas through the use of a regression model. The selection of an appropriate model type is a sub-objective and will be discussed further. Third, these drivers of growth will be assessed through their effects on the country’s stock of arable land. These objectives will be met through the development and application of the regression models, in order to examine the relationship between urban land expansion and several independent variables. An increase in population is found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on corresponding urban land cover area. Surprisingly, the variables commonly associated with urbanization in Egypt - proximity to major roads, the capital of Cairo, and the Nile River - though exhibiting a positive relationship with urban growth, are not statistically significant in the selected case studies. This research underlines the necessity for a combined approach to policy formation - with input from policy fields as varied as agriculture, urban planning, and land reclamation - to slow outward growth and maintain arable land stocks.     

我国城市房屋征收补偿存在的缺陷与对策研究

随着国民经济持续高速发展和城市化脚步不断向前推进,城市建设中的房屋征收问题逐渐成为各方关注的焦点。在我国许多城市都出现了暴力强制征收的恶性事件,征收纠纷已成为一个日益严重的社会问题。对被征收人进行合理补偿可以在一定程度上缓和征收人与被征收人之间的矛盾。文章从我国城市房屋征收补偿存在的问题入手,对于完善我国城市房屋征收补偿制度提出了几点建议。     

我国新型城镇化的几个关键问题——对李克强总理新思路的解读

城镇化问题是当代中国社会经济发展的综合性课题,是涉及国民经济如何协调发展,达到一个新的现代化和谐社会发展的根本问题。在全球经济一体化的新形势下,我国社会经济发展一直保持了快速前进的局面,我国的综合国力与工业化、城镇化及其城乡一体化的建设取得了辉煌的成就。但是在城市化的过程中,出现无序发展的状态,水土资源日渐退化,生态破坏。本文提出新型城镇化的几个关键问题:(1)走新型城镇化的创新之路;(2)构建新型城镇化的创新模式;(3)实现新型城镇化内容与形式的统一;(4)充分认识我国城镇化本身的发展规律。     

Urban growth management-the Saudi experience

Saudi Arabia experienced a high rate of urbanization during the period 1970–1986 resulting in accelerated annual growth rates for Saudi cities averaging more than 6.4%. Higher than usual growth rates created demand for the opening up of huge areas to meet housing, commercial, industrial and other land uses. Government's land grant policy and liberal interest free loans resulted in massive expansion of cities and towns all over the country with major cities of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam having the biggest share. Lack of planning frameworks and weak city institutions could not direct the growth properly leading to sprawl and lop-sided development. This meant rapid extension of road network and utilities with high financial outlays. The slow-down in the economy and ever-increasing demand for infrastructure provision forced the government to initiate growth boundaries to tackle these problems in 1986. The paper discusses the methodology adopted and the process of devising urban limits and evaluates their impact on urban structures of Saudi cities. The paper draws some conclusions in the realization of objectives of the exercise with respect to, (a) control urban sprawl by encouraging infill development where utilities were generally available; (b) reduce cost of provision of infrastructure through better coordination tied to commonly agreed phasing; (c) maintain natural environment around the cities.     

破除困难局面,加快转型发展——2011/2012年上海经济形势分析

2011年以来,世界经济增速放缓,国内经济平稳回落。上海经济在增速放慢的同时,城市转型全面启动,呈现出新的亮点。2012年世界经济仍将持续低迷,国内总需求有可能进一步下降,潜在风险增加,上海经济发展的外部环境进一步复杂趋紧。面对困难局面,我们必须进一步坚定信心,"抓转型、保增长、促稳定",加大转型发展的力度,确保经济持续平稳发展。     

中国城市“居住分异”模式的问题与对策

当前,我国城市化进程逐渐加快,导致城市发展出现一系列城市病问题,城市居住区呈现出越来越明显的"居住分异"现象,整个城市形成一种居住空间分化甚至相互隔离的状况,给社会健康发展带来一系列负面影响。混合居住是目前解决居住分异的一种重要途径。混合居住模式以消除居民的社会差异为住宅建设的社会意义和目标,是解决不同社会阶层隔离、促进不同居民交往的有效方法,有利于营造和谐的居住模式。