组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响:创新自我效能感的中介作用

如何激发员工的创新行为已成为当前人力资源管理研究者与实践者共同面对的重要课题,本研究尝试从组织创新氛围和创新自我效能感这两个视角来回答这个问题。研究采用问卷调查法,通过对478名在职员工的调查,对组织创新氛围、创新自我效能感和员工创新行为之间的关系进行了分析。研究内容与实证结果包括:首先,实证检验了在中国情境下组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响;其次,在社会认知理论的基础上,实证检验了创新自我效能感对员工创新行为的影响,这是中国情景下的开拓性研究;最后,创造性地将创新自我效能感引入到组织创新氛围与员工创新行为的关系之中,构建并验证了组织创新氛围→创新自我效能感→员工创新行为作用机制模型,打开了组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响机制这一黑箱。这些研究成果不仅为社会认知理论提供了强有力的支持,还为后续研究提供了良好的研究视角和基础,对企业管理实践也具有重要的参考价值。     

人与环境匹配:一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的模型

人与环境匹配(P-E fit)的纷繁概念和理论导致匹配的评价颇为模糊,这也给理论研究和管理实践造成了困扰。整理述评了P-E fit的不同概念定义和操作定义,从员工视角和组织视角分析整理了P-E fit各种理论,提出了十个相关命题,构建了一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的P-E fit综合评价模型。此模型不仅可有效测量P-E fit,而且是一个可操作性强的人力资源管理实践模型。     

组织支持对人力资源措施和员工绩效的影响

通过两项研究,对中国企业情境下员工感知到的组织支持、人力资源管理措施和个人绩效的关系进行了探讨.采用因子分析和回归分析等方法对来自合资,国有,私有等企业的员工及其主管的问卷调查结果进行了数据分析.结果表明:这些企业的人力资源管理措施可以分为保健措施和激励措施两大类.保健措施包括:员工福利、工作环境改善、工作保障、员工薪酬、员工关怀计划;激励措施包括员工培训、职业发展规划.保健措施和激励措施与感知到的组织支持存在交互作用,共同影响员工个人绩效.保健措施对员工绩效的正向影响作用在低水平感知到的组织支持下更显著,激励措施则在高水平感知到的组织支持下具有更显著的正向影响.     

大数据和人工智能时代企业人力资源管理策略探析

在大数据和人工智能时代,企业人力资源管理面临着一定的冲击和影响,主要表现为企业缺乏复合型的管理人才、数据获取能力以及数据安全保护机制缺乏制约人工智能型人力资源管理转型、科层式的组织机构不利于大数据和人工智能时代的人力资源管理以及未来机器代人导致的员工再就业问题等。为此,企业人力资源管理部门应树立变革意识,积极应对人工智能带来的挑战;培养企业复合型人才,建立终生学习机制;建立企业人才数据库,满足紧缺人才供给需求;构建扁平化组织结构,实现"去中心化"人力资源管理;建立员工数据保护和监管的有效防范机制,保护员工的隐私不受侵害;构建全面认可激励机制,提升员工创造力;转变人力资源管理者的工作角色和工作方式。     

本土情境下企业家如何通过组织支持提升员工创造力

本研究构建了企业家提供的组织支持对员工创造力的作用机制模型。对350名企业基层员工及管理者进行问卷调查,以工作自主性为调节变量构建组织文化支持、组织氛围支持和组织制度支持对员工创造力的影响模型进行有关研究。研究表明,组织支持各维度对员工创造力有正向影响,其中,组织氛围支持对员工创造力的正向影响大于组织文化支持和组织制度支持对员工创造力的正向影响,工作自主性对组织支持各维度与员工创造力关系起正向调节作用。     

双元环境下战略人力资源管理影响组织创新的中介机制：企业生命周期视角北大核心CSSCI

当前,环境不确定性已成为组织发展常态,而推动组织创新则是应对环境不确定性的关键。本研究基于动态能力理论与资源基础理论,从企业生命周期视角出发,通过对中国400余家科技研发企业的多源问卷调研发现:首先,外部互动在战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间起部分中介作用,其中在研发企业初创期与发展期均不起中介作用,在成熟期起部分中介作用;其次,决策参与在战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间不起中介作用,但在发展期起部分中介作用;再次,外部互动与决策参与交互影响组织创新绩效,高互动—高参与组合下,组织创新绩效较高;最后,双元环境对战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间具有正向调节作用,在企业初创期不起显著调节效应,在发展期与成熟期起显著调节作用。研究结果揭示了组织学习一致性对组织创新绩效影响的匹配效应,以及双元环境在组织不同发展阶段资源转化进程中的协同效应。     

企业员工幸福管理研究——人力资源管理角度

幸福管理是以幸福为目标的管理,是现代企业实现人本管理的新要求,其主旨是通过对企业员工的幸福感和工作幸福感进行研究,进而提高对企业员工的幸福管理。如果以幸福管理为导向来构建人力资源管理体系,必将提升企业人力资源管理的作用,对于提升企业整体绩效和实现组织目标都有重要作用。该文就幸福管理及与其相关概念进行论述,并结合现今企业员工幸福感的现状及影响因素,通过分析幸福管理与人力资源管理的关系,从人力资源管理角度提出了提升企业员工幸福感的措施以及幸福管理在企业人力资源管理中的应用举措。     

最佳实践或最佳匹配——个性化人力资源管理实践的提出及其研究框架

在复杂多变的环境面前,组织对具有特定技术或能力的人力资源的需求越来越大,依赖性也越来越强,标准化人力资源管理已难以有效发挥作用。以最佳匹配和最佳实践的相关研究为基础,提出了一个对人力资源进行个性化管理的理论框架,尝试构建一个关注员工个性特点和需求特征的个性化人力资源管理实践模型,并反映其对员工行为态度及绩效产生作用的机理。这一框架为人力资源管理研究提供了一个新的视角,且对组织的人力资源管理变革与创新也具有一定的现实指导意义。     

绿色耐用产品的节能补贴合同设计

员工对于重要数据和计算机设备等信息资产的滥用和误用成为组织信息安全的潜在威胁，越来越多的企业意识到单纯依靠安全技术解决方案难以有效控制这些风险，如何通过有效的机制设计来规范和引导员工的信息安全行为显得尤为重要。 从行为学视角，引入面子倾向探讨中国组织员工的信息安全管理问题。面子是中国人相对稳定的人格特质，相当一部分人对面子得失十分看重，正是这种特殊的面子规范构成了企业中面子管理的重要内容。已有研究将面子看作是一种行为约束机制，然而在信息安全行为管理中，面子是否以及如何起作用尚未被探讨。 整合威慑理论、奖励机制和面子需求理论，在组织控制机制框架下构建研究模型，揭示基于奖励激励和组织威慑的正式控制机制和基于面子需求的非正式控制机制在引导员工遵守信息安全制度中的关键性作用。研究模型围绕员工遵守信息安全制度的意愿，重点解释奖惩机制的有效性、挣面子和护面子两种面子倾向对遵守意愿的作用以及基于奖惩的正式控制机制与基于面子需求的非正式控制机制之间的交互作用。 采用网络问卷调研法，依托专业的数据调研公司，将问卷链接随机推送给在实行了信息安全制度的企业中工作的正式员工。经过3周的数据收集和筛选，最终获取409份有效样本，基于PLS的结构方程和Smart PLS工具对研究模型进行假设验证。 研究结果表明，感知到的奖励和感知到的惩罚对员工的信息安全制度遵守行为决策起控制作用，且奖励激励的作用效果要优于组织威慑；面子倾向引导员工遵守信息安全制度，挣面子倾向和护面子倾向对正式控制机制与行为意愿间关系起负向调节作用。研究结果对中国情景下的信息安全行为管理提供了理论支撑和实践指导。     

战略人力资源管理与组织绩效关系研究的新框架：理论整合的视角

人力资本理论、行为理论和资源理论是研究者们研究战略人力资源管理和组织绩效之间关系的常用理论基础,但单一的理论基础不能完全揭示战略人力资源管理对组织绩效的作用机制。为此,首先分析比较了3种理论基础各自的研究框架及研究现状;然后,基于理论整合的视角构建了战略人力资源管理与组织绩效关系研究的新框架;最后,对该领域研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.