招标采购中寻租行为的理论分析

招标采购制度作为一项公共采购管理制度，是我国财政改革中的一项重要内容，经过几年的实践取得了明显的经济效益和社会效益，但由于某些客观和历史原因，在实施招标采购过程中产生了寻租行为。从寻租理论看待，这种现象的出现必有其追逐利益的经济性和监管的真空性。     

五大举措加强中小型私营企业采购管理

一个企业采购管理的好坏,对企业的影响非常重要。以人为本,严格采购审批制度,建设信息网络平台,堵塞采购漏洞,合理采购数量,让企业的采购管理很好地服务生产,引导企业走上健康发展之路。     

浅析战略采购对企业发展的意义

战略采购打破了传统中对采购的定义,将采购的角色由职能提高到了战略,这样的划分,不仅使得企业运营效率更高,而且也使采购的作用更加深远。     

如何降低企业采购成本

在制造业中，采购占去了大量的资金，所以采购是一个制造企业的重中之重，采购创造企业利润11％采购成本的降低，给企业平均增加10—20％的利润!而在企业生产和销售中，能提高1％的利润都很难。我是冶金制造业的一名采购员，随着冶金原料的价格大幅度上升，企业增加利润更是难上加难。所以企业更应该重视采购的质量，向采购要利润！     

建立高效的煤炭企业物资采购管理体系

建设高效的煤炭企业物资采购管理体系,认识煤炭企业物资采购管理体系的重要性,明确煤炭物资采购管理组织的职能,制定好科学的采购流程,建立起一系列制度来保证它的良好实行。     

浅述图书馆的图书采购工作

对于一个图书馆来说图书采购工作是十分重要的,是关系到图书馆藏书质量最重要的环节,所以说图书采购人员的文化素质和图书采购方式直接关系到图书的流通率、利用率,这一环节掌握不好就可能造成死书,造成图书馆人力和财力的极大浪费。因此作为图书馆图书采购人员应把图书采购工作充分重视起来,转变传统的采购方式,跟上时代步伐,采为读者所用,购为读者所需,把好采购关。     

浅议军工科研单位采购活动内部控制与管理

军工科研单位采购规模,随着国家对科研整体投入力度不断加大。采购风险也日益突出。对军工科研单位采购活动内部的控制与管理进行研究显得十分重要和必要。为此,文章重点从军工科研单位采购活动内部控制与管理存在问题,内部控制与管理的应遵循的指导思想、原则,完善军工科研单位采购活动内部控制与管理的措施建议等方面具体分析了军工科研单位采购活动内部控制与管理。     

对于设备采购管理的研究

在一个项目的运行当中有许多重要的构成因素,有了这些因素,这项工作才能圆满完成。设备采购就是这多种因素中的一种。我认为,设备采购是项目运行的基础,有了设备的支持,工作才能得以顺利进行。本文介绍了设备采购管理的制度,如何加强招投标环节的管控,并详细讲解了设备采购管理,以医疗设备采购的例子来说明管理的重要性。     

浅析物资电子采购

随着经济全球化步伐的加快,面对地域辽阔、区域差异甚大、经营环境复杂、竞争日益激烈的中国市场,供应商建立的庞大营销网络体系在传统的管理模式下日渐僵化,费用攀升,效率下降.传统的采购模式弊端不断显现,如供需双方不能进行有效的信息沟通,采购很容易发展成为一种盲目行为,无法对供应商的产品质量、交货期进行事前控制.与之相比,电子采购为采购提供了一个全天候、超时空的采购环境,即365 × 24小时的采购环境.该方式降低了采购费用,简化了采购过程,大大降低供应链库存,使采购交易双方易于形成战略伙伴关系.从某种角度来说,电子采购是采购方的战略管理创新.     

内部审计视角下的职校采购管理研究

采购部门作为职校使用财政拨款的最大输出口,其科学化、规范化管理是职校良性运行的必要屏障.本文以内部审计为视角,研究了职校采购过程中存在的问题以及如何规范化管理职校采购工作,以期为职校相关采购工作提供参考.     

Public procurement of innovation and local authority procurement: procurement modes and framework conditions in three European cities

Local authorities present complex implementation settings for public procurement of innovation (PPI) practices and include a range of barriers, yet their proximity to citizens and local economic actors suggests that they are likely to encounter unmet needs in advance of national governments, creating potential to act as lead users. This paper develops a conceptualisation of the local authority procurement environment, using it as a framework for analysing the potential for PPI in three city authorities across Europe, representing three distinct modes of public procurement: functional procurement, tactical procurement and strategic procurement. The paper proposes that local authorities are broadly characterised by cyclical, geographically bounded procurement activity, which contains potential for stimulating incremental innovation through normal procurement activity if the external institutional setting is permissive. The paper suggests conditions for increasing the possibilities for more disruptive innovation through local authority procurement and areas for further research.     

Public procurement of innovation: empirical evidence from EU public authorities on barriers for the promotion of innovation

Public procurement is seen as a powerful instrument for innovation policy, but meaningful barriers seem to hinder its deployment. This study reviews literature on complexity, time consumption, and risk representing important hindrances for the procurement of innovation from public buyers' perspective. Findings provide evidence on the existence of hindrances for public procurement of innovation across European Union member states through the analysis of data from a large-scale survey. Further, differences in terms of the perception of barriers become evident depending on the availability of monitoring systems for innovation performance.     

Unveiling the public procurement market in Brazil: A methodological tool to measure its size and potential

Public procurement plays a key role both in the proper functioning of public administration and in the realization of broader policy objectives. This article aims to present a methodology to assess the Brazilian public procurement market based on government statistics, as well as reflect on the potential of public procurement policy for the development of the country. The article found that public procurement comprised an average of 13.8% of Brazil's gross domestic product during 2006−2012. The Brazilian public procurement market is comparable to that of a typical Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) country. These findings imply great potential for public procurement in Brazil as a policy instrument for promoting the country's development.     

政府向社会组织购买公共服务的问题与对策分析

政府向社会组织购买公共服务是我国公共服务制度的重要创新,对节约政府开支,提高公共服务效果有着重要意义。这种做法正在探索之中,购买程序、购买内容、定价、资金来源、评估机制等都存在着问题,需从两大方面探求解决途径,即政府应加大培养社会组织的力度,从法律法规层面上健全制度设计。     

Fostering innovation through innovation friendly procurement practices: a case study of Danish local government procurement

Innovation has been at the forefront of procurement policy in Denmark in recent years. The policy incentives emphasize public procurement of innovation as a way to accelerate the development and application of environmental and health technologies, but also as a way to achieve a competitive advantage, growth and job creation. This paper uses a single case study to illustrate the procurement of a chemical-free cleaning system by the local government in Denmark. It describes the public procurement of innovation project in the response to an unsolicited bid from the supplier, and highlights the importance of innovation-friendly procurement practice for supporting innovation. The study identified indirect innovation effects of public procurement and number of conditions that have supported success of public procurement of innovation project such as close and early engagement with supplier; role of supplier acting as a technology champion; competence for applying functional specification; political support; sufficient resource allocation and institutional match between involved organizations. These findings lend support to the idea that public procurement of innovation may have occurred as a result of innovation-friendly procurement practice regardless of the lack of an explicit intention to promote innovation and challenge assumptions on which emerging policy initiatives are based on. These findings also suggest that the local government procurement may have a role to play in supporting innovation that goes beyond current definition of public procurement as a mission-oriented instrument to be exploited for resolving social challenges. These understandings could contribute to further policy development that may lead to a situation where public procurement of innovation is utilized to a greater extent than it is today in Denmark.     

Can service innovations be procured? An analysis of impacts and challenges in the procurement of innovation in social services

This paper addresses the challenges that arise when service innovations are being promoted through public procurement. The academic and policy debate on public procurement of innovation has recently been very vivid, but it has mostly focused on procurement of technologies and tangible goods while considerably less attention has been paid to public procurement of innovation in services. By drawing on conceptual tools from the literature on service innovation and public procurement of innovation, the paper examines an empirical case of procurement of social services for substance abusers carried out by the city of Helsinki, Finland. In particular, the article analyzes whether the characteristics of services and service innovation are compatible with processes and requirements of public procurement. The article shows that service innovations can be procured, but the features of services and service innovation such as intangibility, interactivity, and difficulty to measure the impacts of new services affect the procurement process and set particular requirements for it.     

Social Enterprises and the EU’s Public Procurement Market

European social enterprises’ participation in the public procurement process is low, even if the European public procurement law allows using special provisions for these entities. Encouraging the participation of social enterprises in the public procurement process is an important part of the effort to modernize the EU social policy. This paper demonstrates that, despite the great importance of social enterprises for the European economy, strategies on the access of social enterprises to the EU’s public procurement market are less known by the employees of the public contracting authorities in EU Member States.     

Does CERN procurement result in innovation?

Innovation is stated to be one of the most powerful engines for economic growth in firms, markets and nations today. It is therefore not surprising that policy-makers would like to see innovations as a benefit of publicly spent money; making innovations an additional aim of public procurement (public procurement for innovation). The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of a science organization's procurement practices on innovation. The intention is also to show how different and contradicting goals and expectations regarding public procurement are described and acted upon by the science organization and its suppliers, and to what extent the outcome of public procurement is innovation. Empirically, the study addresses how the European Organization for Nuclear Research, i.e. CERN, works with procurement; and how their procurement in turn affects CERN's suppliers. Based on a large case study in which more than 100 interviews were conducted over a time period of 8 years, the study contributes to the understanding of the limitations CERN’s procurement rules put on interaction and on innovation. The understanding of the implications of restricting interaction, but also the understanding of the reasons why these rules are put into place, and the dilemmas that follow, are all important contributions.     

Corruption in public procurement and private sector purchasing

Abstract

This article points out similarities and differences between purchasing by the public and private sectors outgoing from concepts of procurement processes and buying centres. It also analyses corruption issues in both sectors' purchasing activities. The focus is on public procurement within the European Union (EU), where member states have to follow the European Community directives for public procurement.     

An institutional approach to research on public procurement of innovation

The role of public procurement as a means to stimulate innovation has been increasingly emphasized during the last few years. The general argument is that, by applying intelligent demand, public agencies can stimulate private sector innovation that will eventually sustain competitive advantage in a global economy. The emphasis on public procurement used as an innovation policy instrument challenges current institutional practices and skills. The article is based on the assumption that the innovation research community could inform this policy discourse, in particular by drawing on institutional theory, but in order to fully utilize this potential, further revision of the research perspectives seen is needed. The article therefore discusses an institutional approach based on three modes: “multilevel institutional analysis”, “endogenous and exogenous institutions” and “institutions as rationalities”, arguing that such an approach would help to increase innovation research quality and policy relevance.