1975-2004年间移居美国的越南人

1975年越南战争结束后,大量越南人逃离家园,蜂拥进入美国。随后的三十年间,全美的越南人数量从最初的数千人猛增至120多万人,形成了美国亚裔人口中的一个规模较大并对美国社会产生重要影响的群体。越南人迁移美国及融入美国的过程虽然十分艰难,但却能在较短时间内取得一定程度的成功,并成为美国的“模范少数民族”之一。越南人对美国社会适应过程的独特性,对于我们理解和探讨当代美国种族与族群关系的特点、状况和未来的发展前景都具有重要的意义。目前国内学者比较重视美国其他族裔人口如犹太人、华人等与美国主流社会的融合问题,而对于越…     

浅析革新开放后越南的外交政策调整

革新开放前,越南曾实行一边倒向苏联的外交政策。随着越南国内外局势的变化,"一边倒"的外交政策使得越南陷入孤立。在这种形势下,越南实行革新开放,并逐步调整外交政策,积极融入国际社会。从越共"六大"对外交政策的初步调整,到越共"九大"时越南外交政策的基本定型,越南外交政策的调整是一个循序渐进的过程。外交政策的调整也为越南外交及经济的发展作出了贡献。     

反对美国——吴庭艳集团侵略越南南方和屠杀越南南方人民的声明

最近,南越吴庭艳反动集团加紧对越南南方的佛教徒、大、中学校的学生、知识分子和广大人民进行血腥镇压,中国人民对此表示极大愤慨,并且强烈谴责吴庭艳集团的这一滔天罪行。胡志明主席已经发表声明,对于美吴集团的罪恶行为,表示强烈抗议。我们中国人民,热烈支持胡主席的声明。美帝国主义及其走狗吴庭艳,采取了变越南南方为美国殖民地的政策、发动反革命战争的政策和加强法西斯独裁统治的政策。这就迫使越南南方各阶层人民广泛地团结起来,同美国——吴庭艳集团进行坚决的斗争。与越南南方全体人民为敌的美国——吴庭艳集团,现在发现他们自己处在越南南方全体     

触变与持守:越南瑶族的黑齿习俗——基于越南老街省保胜县田野调查的探讨

漆染牙齿是人类一种古老的体饰文化,历史上曾在亚太地区广泛存在。瑶族本无漆齿习俗,但有的支系———如越南保胜的白裤瑶(贺瑶),却在与越濮族系的黑齿民族接触中所濡染;受现代审美观念的影响,越南社会不再"以黑为美",瑶族黑齿习俗也随之变迁。相对封闭的生活环境与相对保守的族群文化,使其成为这一习俗的最后持守者。从本质上看,越南瑶族对黑齿习俗的习得、持守或放弃,均是他们基于生活需要因应环境与社会变迁的文化策略。     

试论越南民族在文化上的交融性

中国文化、印度文化、法国文化和美国文化等分别在越南历史上的不同阶段对越南文化发生过程度不同的影响.越南文化因此而呈现出明显的多元化特征.在越南文化的发展过程中,越南民族表现出了极强的交融性,这种交融性体现在越南民族对外来文化的兼容并蓄和融合同化,同时也体现在越南民族在文化上的对话交流.     

美国西海岸瑶民社会考察

瑶族是个跨国民族。其原居地为我国南方。明清之际,部分瑶族由于“吃山过山”,游耕迁徙于老挝、泰国等东南亚国家。现居东南亚地区的瑶族约有二十六万人,其中越南二十余万人,老挝二万人,泰国三万余人,缅甸四千人。二十世纪七十年代后,由于越战社会动乱,一些瑶民沦为难民,在联合国难民事务署的帮助下,他们陆续被引渡到美国、加拿大、法国、新西兰、瑞士等国。其中尤以美国为多,有一万七千多人。由东南亚的农耕而进入发达的美国现代社会;瑶民如何适应如何生存,其传统文化如何经受西方文化挑战,民族发展前途如何等一系列问题,引起了国际学人的兴趣。一九八七年六、七月份,笔者趁赴美参加首届国际瑶族文化教育会议的机会,考察了美国瑶民     

资源环境与人类社会——第二届亚洲人类学民族学论坛在京召开

<正>2012年11月9日-10日,由中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所、中央民族大学世界民族学人类学研究中心、中国民族学学会联合主办,中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所社会文化人类学研究室承办,中国社会科学出版社和《民族研究》编辑部协办的第二届亚洲人类学民族学论坛在北京隆重开幕。来自中国大陆和台湾地区以及日本、韩国、越南、马来西亚、新加坡、澳大利亚、美国、意大利、加拿大等国家的近百名参会代表围绕本次论坛主题"资源环境与人类社会"展开了积极热烈的讨论。     

越南阮氏政权对华贸易中的华人

17、18世纪,越南南方的阮氏政权与北方的由郑氏实际控制的后黎朝(为行文方便,以下简称郑氏政权)长期对峙.阮氏政权在军事上、政治上和经济上都远不及敌对的郑氏政权,为了在残酷的竞争中生存下来,阮主被迫"废弃过去越南政权的做法,而允许有相当自由的贸易".[1]与此同时,随着中国政治、经济的发展以及东亚地区形势的变化,阮主统治下的广南地区迎来了一个海外贸易的"黄金时代",尤其是对华贸易更得到了空前的发展.华人作为越南对华贸易的主导者,尽管在这一时期面临欧洲人的竞争,但其贸易规模和自身实力仍得到了前所未有的提升,并进一步确立了在越南的优势地位.近年来,越来越多的学者开始关注这一时期华人移民到越南的现象,但对于华人如何参与越南对华贸易以及他们的作用却鲜有系统的、专门的论述.本文在前人研究的基础上,试图对这一问题做一初步探讨.     

越南本土人类学的研究主题与研究趋势

本文旨在介绍和评述越南本土人类学的发展与特点,并以观察人类学这一西方学科在越南的本土化历程,增进对越南社会的认识.作者通过探讨族群、乡村、社会发展与城市化、生态环境等四大研究主题,来回顾越南人类学的发展脉络,厘清越南本土人类学的发展简史.同时,揭示出越南学界在新世纪面对复杂的全球政治、文明格局时研究旨趣的转向.越南本土人类学的特点还在于,其基于地方社会、文化多样性的研究在拉近地方与国家的距离中发挥了重要作用.     

寻找"民俗的意义"——阿兰·邓迪斯与理查德·鲍曼的学术论争

阿兰·邓迪斯与理查德·鲍曼都是蜚声国际的美国民俗学家,都非常重视"民俗的意义"的阐释工作,然而,他们的理论观念与研究方法截然不同.他们之间关于"民俗的社会基础"、"情境"以及"宏大理论"的学术论争全面地反映了两种民俗学思想之间的分歧,形成了目前国际民俗学界两种竞争性的研究范式.     

壮族布傣与京族喃字歌谣比较研究

中越边境地区的壮族布傣支系与京族虽然都使用越南喃字记录其歌谣、古籍的族群,但由于历史渊源、传统文化及受外来文化影响的不同,使两地民间的歌谣在内容、形式等方面存在着较大差异。壮族布傣歌谣完整地保留了古代越南独有的帝王文学的特质,而京族的歌谣则明显地带有汉字文化圈的印记。     

The appropriation of American war memories: a critical juxtaposition of the Holocaust and the Vietnam War

This article delineates and critically juxtaposes the differential public commemorations of the Vietnam War and the Holocaust in the US. We elucidate how the tragedies of the Holocaust have been integrated into US public memory as a central part of the American story, solidifying the image of the United States as a powerful and moral nation that rescues desperate people from tyranny. In contrast, public commemorations of the highly divisive Vietnam War are sparse, if at all, in great part because they would re-ignite questions about the role of the US in Vietnam and in the suffering of its victims. While the Holocaust enables the United States to re-narrate national glory, the Vietnam War calls attention to US defeat and upsets the narrative of rescue and liberation. Through a critical juxtaposition of these two public memories, we assert that the moral and political divisiveness of the Vietnam War constitutes one unacknowledged source of the ascendancy and centrality of the Holocaust in American memory. Through our relational analysis of differential public memories, we draw on and contribute to the field of memory studies.     

《三千书》新探

《〈三千书〉初探>》一文中认为<三千书>深受越南方面的影响,是越南字喃对地区性的方块壮字之影响的结果.实际上<三千书>的使用者壮族布傣族群的前身是越南的王族,<三千书>现象反映了布傣族群深厚的帝王情结.     

The Economic Integration of Ukrainian and Vietnamese Migrant Women in the Polish Labour Market

Through an analysis of Ukrainian and Vietnamese migrant women in Poland, we study the extent to which their economic integration is influenced by the legal framework—for example, the visa regime—and migrants' possession of, or access to, different forms of capital. The article is based on interviews conducted between 2005 and 2008 with female migrant workers from Ukraine and Vietnam. The women faced administrative obstacles in accessing the formal labour market; their overall initial poor financial status and family situation pressured them to accept work in the informal labour market. Another barrier was the limited ability to convert their cultural capital into economic capital. To overcome these barriers, the women adopted two distinct strategies of economic integration. The Ukrainian women used networks built on strong ties from country of origin and on weak ties in Poland, while the Vietnamese women used strong ties within their own ethnic niche.     

Does the Refugee Experience Overshadow the Effect of SES? An Examination of Self-Reported Health Among Older Vietnamese Refugees

Is the consistently poorer health of Vietnamese refugees relative to whites due largely to differences in socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, and health risk behaviors or the residual impact of the trauma of war and resettlement? Using data from a population-based household survey we use multinomial logistic regression to assess the self-rated health and activity limitations of Vietnamese refugees aged 55 and older compared to whites, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle characteristics. Vietnamese refugees report poorer health and are more likely to report activity limitations than whites. While substantial differences in characteristics exist between the two groups, they explain little of the health differentials. Demographic and socioeconomic factors do not explain the health differential between older Vietnamese refugees and whites, although their lifestyle exerts a protective effect. The trauma of war and the stressful context of immigration likely contribute to the poorer health of Vietnamese refugees.     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

‘We share similar struggles’: how a Vietnamese immigrant youth organizing program shapes participants’ critical consciousness of interracial tension

This article examines Homeward Bound, a political education youth organizing program for Vietnamese immigrant youth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Inspired by Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy theory, the program sought to empower learners to challenge their pre-existing knowledge and experience of interracial relations. Drawing on data from observations, interviews, and document reviews, we describe the process by which the program shaped Vietnamese immigrant youth’s critical consciousness of Vietnamese/Asian-black interracial tension. While some participants expressed apprehension and prejudice toward African Americans, particularly in the early days of the program, by the end, participants demonstrated knowledge retained from lessons and activities on the shared history of Vietnamese immigrants and African Americans. Participants also identified roots of and offered solutions to interracial tension. This study illuminates the role of immigrant youth organizing programs in resolving interracial tension in multiracial contexts.     

跨国熟人关系与越南边民入境消费习性研究——兼论跨国民族志方法的理念创新

边境地区是中国与沿线和周边国家“互联互通”的关键节点和重要枢纽,在长期的历史交往与演进中所形成的跨国民族性质乃是其基本人文特征。因此,着眼于双边民族的互动交往交流,推进边境区域、跨国民族等研究融入世界民族视野,以满足新时代要求,是民族学人类学面对的主要议题。基于现实考量、学术反思与田野分析,认为在中越边境地区,越南边民的生活、节俗等入境消费习性与跨国熟人关系有着密切的正相关性,其实质是“一带一路”倡议真正惠及沿线国家和地区民众的反映,是国家之间睦邻友好、跨国民族和谐互动的基本表现。在新时代,应不断从理念上创新民族志研究方法,以期在推动民族学人类学发展的同时,为人类发展贡献出真正的学科智慧。     

The Success Frame and Achievement Paradox: The Costs and Consequences for Asian Americans

The status attainment model highlights the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) in the intergenerational reproduction of educational attainment; however, the model falls short in predicting the educational outcomes of the children of Asian immigrants, whose attainment exceeds that which would have been predicted based on family SES alone. On the other hand, the cultural capital model gives primacy to the role of middle-class cultural capital in reproducing advantage, but neglects contextual factors outside the family. We fill a theoretical and empirical niche by introducing a model of cultural frames to explain how the children of immigrants whose families exhibit low SES and lack middle-class cultural capital attain exceptional educational outcomes. Based on in-depth interviews with adult children of Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants randomly drawn from the survey of Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles, we show that Chinese and Vietnamese immigrant parents and their children use ethnicity as a resource to construct and support a strict “success frame” that helps the poor and working class override their disadvantages. However, there are unintended consequences to adopting such a strict success frame: those who do not meet its exacting tenets feel like ethnic outliers, and as a result, they distance themselves from coethnics and from their ethnic identities because they link achievement with ethnicity. We conclude by underscoring the benefits of decoupling race/ethnicity and achievement for all groups.     

从语言经济学的视角看广西京族地区的“越南语热”现象

语言经济学是语言学和经济学交叉发展而形成的新兴边缘学科,近年来引起了国内外众多学者的关注.本研究采用经济学中的成本—收益分析模式分析了“越南语热”在广西东兴京族地区流行的原因,反思了社会中存在的“英语热”现象,以期对当前外语教育规划中语种不均衡问题的解决有所启示.