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1.
Naci Mocan 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(4):743-780
This paper tests adverse selection in the market for child care. A unique data set containing quality measures of various
characteristics of child care provided by 746 rooms in 400 centers, as well as the evaluation of the same attributes by 3,490
affiliated consumers (parents) in the U.S., is employed. Comparisons of consumer evaluations of quality to actual quality
show that after adjusting for scale effects, parents are weakly rational. The hypothesis of strong rationality is rejected,
indicating that parents do not utilize all available information in forming their assessment of quality. The results demonstrate
the existence of information asymmetry and adverse selection in the market, which provide an explanation for low average quality
in the U.S. child care market.
相似文献
Naci MocanEmail: |
2.
The influence of wages on parents’ allocations of time to child care and market work in the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Charlene M. Kalenkoski David C. Ribar Leslie S. Stratton 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):399-419
We use time-diary data on couples with children from the 2000 United Kingdom Time Use Survey to examine the impacts of own
and partner’s wages on parents’ provision of child care and market work on weekdays and on weekends and holidays. We find
that increases in partners’ wages increase women’s primary care on all days and decrease their market work on weekdays, while
increases in women’s own wages increase their market work on weekdays. There is little evidence that men’s time use responds
to changes in their own wages. However, an increase in men’s partners’ wages increases men’s passive child-care time on weekends
and reduces their market-work time on weekends.
相似文献
Leslie S. Stratton |
3.
We describe the functioning of a two-region economy characterized by asymmetric wage setting. Labour market tightness in the
leading-region affects wages in the whole economy. In equilibrium, net labour demand shifts towards the leading region raise
unemployment elsewhere and leave regional wages unchanged, causing an increase in aggregate unemployment. Based on SHIW micro-data
on earnings, we find strong evidence that wages in Italy only respond to Northern unemployment. We estimate that around 33%
of the increase in Italian unemployment during 1977–1998 can be explained by regional mismatch, mainly due to an excess labour
supply growth in the South.
相似文献
Barbara Petrongolo (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force
Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished
from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are
found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst
amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to
white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.
相似文献
Joanne LindleyEmail: |
5.
We examine the long-run effects of the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security scheme on fertility and welfare of individuals
in an overlapping generations model, assuming that child-care services are available in the market. We show that the impact
of a tax increase on fertility depends on the relative magnitudes of the standard intergenerational redistribution effect
through the social security system, the (implicit) subsidy effect through tax-exemption of child rearing at home, and the
price effect through changes in the relative price of market child care, and that if parental child-rearing time is inelastic,
a tax cut could bring about a Pareto-improving allocation.
相似文献
Akira Yakita (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
This paper analyses the relation between public pensions, fertility and child care in a closed-economy overlapping generations
model with endogenous fertility. It is shown that raising a child involves two social externalities and that it is optimal
to introduce child allowances if the government redistributes income from the young to the old. The optimal child allowance
rises when longevity increases. If the costs of raising children depend positively on the wage, a third externality arises
and the returns to savings should be taxed.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
7.
The estimation of the effect of local human capital on wages only might not identify properly human capital spillovers. Appropriate
identification requires considering the joint effect of local human capital on both wages and rents. Empirically, we study
the effects of local human capital on household-level rents and individual-level wages for a sample of Italian local labour
markets. Our results show a positive and robust effect of local human capital on rents, supporting the idea that human capital
generates positive externalities at the local level. Our results also suggest that consumption and production externalities
have a similar impact on wages.
相似文献
Guido de BlasioEmail: |
8.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
9.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
10.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
11.
Kristen Harknett 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):347-365
Among a recent birth cohort in U.S. cities, young children were far more likely to be diagnosed with asthma and to experience
an asthma-related emergency if their parents were unmarried. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing
Study, I find that the child health benefits of marriage seem to stem from the benefits of parental coresidence and the demographic
and socioeconomic correlates of marriage. Children whose parents live apart appear to be at heightened risk of asthma even
after taking into account demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The child health benefits of marriage are only weakly
related to mothers’ health behaviors and are not related to father involvement. An analysis of relationship transitions suggests
that marital disruption may be more harmful for children than the disruption of cohabiting unions. The results provide some
cautions and considerations for the U.S. government’s Healthy Marriage Initiative.
相似文献
Kristen HarknettEmail: |
12.
We propose a method for computing indicators of the relative success of local authorities at integrating new immigrants in
the labour market, taking account of differences in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets. The indicator
for integration success is based on mean duration from date of residence permit to start of an employment spell. We apply
this method to a Danish administrative dataset. Correcting for differences in immigrant characteristics and local labour market
conditions has an important impact on the estimated ranking of local authorities. We investigate how robust the ranking is
with respect to changes in the specification of criteria for integration success and controls.
相似文献
Eskil HeinesenEmail: |
13.
The effect of immigration on the labor market performance of native-born workers: some evidence for Spain 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Raquel Carrasco Juan F. Jimeno A. Carolina Ortega 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):627-648
This paper provides an approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain, a country where labor market institutions
and immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities, during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows
accelerated. By using alternative data sets, we estimate both the impact of legal and total immigration flows on the employment
rates and wages of native workers, accounting for the possible occupational and geographical mobility of immigrants and native-born
workers. Using different samples and estimation procedures, we have not found a significant negative effect of immigration
on either the employment rates or wages of native workers.
相似文献
A. Carolina OrtegaEmail: |
14.
Germany is known to have one of the lowest fertility rates among Western European countries and also relatively low employment
rates of mothers with young children. Although these trends have been observed during the last decades, the German public
has only recently begun discussing these issues. In order to reverse these trends, the German government recently passed a
reform of the parental leave benefit system in line with the model practiced in Nordic countries. The core piece of the reform
is the replacement of the existing means-tested parental leave benefit by a wage-dependent benefit for the period of one year.
In this paper we simulate fiscal costs and expected labour market outcomes of this reform. Based on a micro-simulation model
for Germany we calculate first-round effects, which assume no behavioural changes and second-round effects, where we take
labour supply changes into account. Our results show that on average all income groups, couples and single households, benefit
from the reform. The calculation of overall costs of the reform shows that the additional costs are moderate. As far as the
labour market behaviour of parents is concerned, we find no significant changes of labour market outcomes in the first year
after birth. However, in the second year, mothers increase their working hours and labour market participation significantly.
Our results suggest that the reform will achieve one of its aims, namely the increase in the labour market participation of
mothers with young children.
相似文献
Katharina WrohlichEmail: |
15.
This paper uses household level data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, the 55th (1999–2000) and the
61st (2004–05) rounds, to show that even with a significant wage incentive for schooling of urban children, the school drop
out rate and child labour incidence are not small over this period. The parents’ level of education plays an important role
in reducing this tendency; thus establishing the linkage between social and human capital outcomes in the family. We also
look at the incidence of harmful and manual occupations among the child labour. Mother’s education appears as the more important
factor in the recent round in curbing the manual work incidences; supporting earlier findings that women’s empowerment (one
important indicator of which would be female educational level) is indeed becoming instrumental in increasing parental awareness.
Using a pooled data set, we have also analysed the changes in the impact of parental education on these decisions between
1999–2000 and 2004–05.
相似文献
Diganta MukherjeeEmail: |
16.
The determinants and consequences of child care subsidies for single mothers in the USA 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
This paper provides an analysis of child care subsidies under welfare reform in the USA. We used data from the 1999 National
Survey of America's Families to analyze the determinants of receipt of a child care subsidy and the effects of subsidy receipt
on employment, school attendance, unemployment, and welfare participation. Ordinary least-squares estimates that treat subsidy
receipt as exogenous show an effect of subsidy receipt on employment of about 13 percentage points. Two-stage least-squares
estimates that treat subsidy receipt as endogenous and use county dummies as identifying instruments show an effect of 33
percentage points on employment, 20 percentage points on unemployment, and no effects on schooling and welfare receipt.
相似文献
Erdal Tekin (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Does child gender affect marital status? Evidence from Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andrew Leigh 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):351-366
Pooling microdata from five Australian censuses, I explore the relationship between child gender and parents’ marital status.
By contrast with the USA, I find no evidence that the gender of the first child has a significant impact on the decision to
marry or divorce. However, among two-child families, parents with two children of the same sex are 1.7 percentage points less
likely to be married than parents with a boy and a girl. This finding is unlikely to be consistent with theories of preference
for sons over daughters, differential costs, role models, or complementary costs but is consistent with a theory of mixed-gender
preference.
相似文献
Andrew LeighEmail: |
18.
Kristin Anderson Moore Sharon Vandivere Laura Lippman Cameron McPhee Margot Bloch 《Social indicators research》2007,84(3):291-331
This paper uses recent data on U.S. children from the National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF) to create indices that
tally the number of problems or risks that individual children experience. We compare results with those from indices developed
elsewhere that assess the change across sets of population-level indicators. While the two types of indices show similar trends
over time, specific changes, as well as trends, depend on the specific domain of well-being or context examined, highlighting
the importance of the distinction between well-being and context. Children with problems in multiple domains tend to be socio-economically
and demographically disadvantaged compared with other children. We preface this work by providing an overview of the history
of child well-being indicators and distinguish indices of child well-being from indices of the condition of children.
相似文献
Laura LippmanEmail: |
19.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
20.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |