2010年全国房地产市场分析

一、2010年市场运行情况2010年中央出台了一系列房地产调控政策,经济手段和行政手段并用,从抑制需求、增加供给、加强监管等方面进行了全方位调控,房地产市场在遭遇"史上最为严厉"调控政策下波动显著。1.政策环境:调控轮番加强,力度空前     

北京市土地供应计划与土地市场交易现状分析

编制土地年度供应计划有利于政府对房地产行业进行调控,土地市场交易现状既受制于土地供应计划又对其有反作用。本文基于北京市2008年全年及2009年(截至6月26日)最新土地市场交易数据,利用地理信息系统技术及统计分析方法,研究交易地块空间分布特征及平均成交地价、平均楼面地价、成交价与底价比值等变化趋势,发现空间上北京中东南部交易地块成交价与底价比值较大,时间上2008年初及2009年五六月份交易地块成交价与底价比值最大,规划用途上住宅用地交易地块成交价与底价比值最大。在金融危机大背景下,房地产行业极易出现泡沫,制定土地供应计划时应进一步加大保障性住房用地的供给。     

改革开放后土地使用制度的重要成果——土地政策调控房地产市场的机理分析与评价

土地政策在新一轮宏观调控中发挥的重要作用是改革开放以来土地使用制度改革的重要成果。土地政策参与房地产调控主要通过调整土地供应量、供应结构和供应方式的途径来达到政策目标。本文分析了这三种调控手段,指出了当前土地政策在土地供给结构、政策执行力度等方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

辩证看待社会主义市场经济的代价

从社会主义市场经济的追求目标、运用手段、价值主体及发展过程看,代价的产生有其客观必然性。同时,代价的产生与作为主体的人在思想、行为上的局限性和主观失误密切相关。社会主义市场经济的代价分为必要性代价和人为性代价,我们应客观地承认社会主义市场经济中代价的存在,并用发展的眼光看待它,正确把握社会主义市场经济代价的度,把必然性代价控制在最小范围内,减少或避免人为性代价的产生,使社会主义市场经济体制能顺利建成。     

Asking Price and Price Discounts: The Strategy of Selling an Asset Under Price Uncertainty

We consider fixed and asking price strategies in the context of selling an asset with Bernoullian updating of the seller’s subjective probability of sale at a given price. The determination of optimal fixed, asking and endogenous reservation prices is discussed under risk-neutrality and expected utility maximisation. With risk-neutrality, the optimal asking price exceeds the optimal fixed price when the expected gain is a strictly concave function. The seller’s choice between the fixed and the asking price strategies depends on several factors: the expected cost of haggling, price competition and the seller’s attitude towards risk.     

Transitions to employment from labour market enterprises in Norway

In this article we analyse a labour market programme for partially disabled workers that involves the transition from labour market enterprises to a job in the ordinary labour market. We found that the percentage of these people who found jobs after a maximum two-year programme period increased over time. In 1995, 28 per cent became employed in the ordinary job market after leaving the programme. Exit rates to employment increased to 36 per cent in 1998 and to 39 per cent in 1999. We also found heterogeneity in the job transitions. Employment ratios for men were relatively stable over time, varying between 30 and 40 per cent over the period 1995–1999. For women, however, we found a significant change in employment ratios, with 21 per cent finding a job in 1995 and 40 per cent in 1999. In 1995, employment ratios for female participants were below those of male participants, although there was no difference over the whole period studied (1995–1999). In 1999, the average transition rate to employment was higher for female than for male participants.     

溯寻与误读——芥川龙之介的近代中国之行

1921年3月到7月,日本作家芥川龙之介来到中国,试图以从中国古代文化典籍中获得的印象为参照,寻找对应物,追溯“中国情趣”。但当亲眼目睹到落后停滞的现实状况,原本满怀期待的芥川感到极大的失落,对近代中国产生了误读,甚至轻视、排斥。这一现象的产生有着深层的历史和文化原因,在大正时期的日本作家中具有一定普遍性。     

Rangeland to cropland conversions as replacement land for prime farmland lost to urban development

Data from the 1997 National Resources Inventory (NRI) are used in this study to examine recent trends in the conversion of cropland to urban land with special attention paid to the spatial distribution of these conversions relative to rangeland to cropland conversions. Our findings are that the approximately 11 million acres of cropland converted to urban land between 1982 and 1997 was coincident with an equal amount of rangeland converting to cropland. The rangeland to cropland conversions equate to replacement lands for cropland lost to urban encroachment. Approximately one third of the cropland lost to urban development occurs on prime farmland while the new cropland converted from rangeland is more likely to be irrigated as it resides principally in the arid western United States. The findings are discussed in light of a sustainable land use system perspective.     

Regional labor market adjustment to structural shocks: An international comparison

Previous research indicates that local industry composition significantly influences unemployment in the American Rust Belt. This paper uses a dual market model to compare evolutions of structural joblessness in German regions with those of a Rust Belt area in the United States. Results indicate that German labor markets exhibit both intriguing similarities and differences to the US benchmark case. In particular, the contrasts between the two areas highlight the less distinct labor supply flexibility of Western European labor markets as demonstrated by unemployment responses to changes in regional employment prospects.     

论建立社会主义市场经济伦理的必然性及原则

社会主义市场经济下,作为经济活动的主体,仍然以谋求利润最大化为内在动力,但社会主义的本质则要求市场主体的经济行为与社会发展的总方向保持一致。本文在阐明市场对伦理要求的基础上,探讨了创建社会主义市场经济伦理的原则。     

Willingness to accept equals willingness to pay for labor market estimates of the value of a statistical life

Our research clarifies the conceptual linkages among willingness to pay for additional safety, willingness to accept less safety, and the value of a statistical life (VSL). We present econometric estimates using panel data to analyze the VSL levels associated with job changes that may affect the worker’s exposure to fatal injury risks. Our baseline VSL estimates are $7.7 million and $8.3 million (Y$2001). There is no statistically significant divergence between willingness-to-accept VSL estimates associated with wage increases for greater risks and willingness-to-pay VSL estimates as reflected in wage changes for decreases in risk. Our focal result contrasts with the literature documenting a considerable asymmetry in tradeoff rates for increases and decreases in risk. An important implication for policy is that it is reasonable to use labor market estimates of VSL as a measure of the willingness to pay for additional safety.