社区协商中的公众参与效能感优化路径研究

在基层治理实践中,作为社区协商运用与实践情况的描述指标之一,公众参与效能感代表着参与社区协商的人们对社区协商及其实践情况的一种感知与评判。这种感知与评判目前存在着总体水平不高与科学性不足相伴的问题。这会直接影响到当前涉及社区治理的各个方面之评价结果的合理性,深刻地影响到社区协商的长效化发展。为优化社区协商中的公众参与效能感,需要筑牢社区协商基础、深化社区协商实践、提升社区协商素养、整合社区治理机制。     

党建引领基层协商治理的实践与思考——以晋江市英林镇为例

党在农村的基层组织是基层协商治理的领导核心,是基层协商治理的推动引导者、赋能保障者。但在一些基层治理实践中,还存在着党建有机融入基层治理体系的密度不够饱和、村级党组织的治理能力有待增强、村民自治力量有待提升等困境。党建引领基层协商治理的"英林实践"具体表现为:强化党建引领,发挥党组织战斗堡垒作用;推动党建搭台,构建"3+X"共治生态圈;吸纳社会力量,促进多元共治谋发展;协调各方参与,提升共建共治社区治理水平。"英林实践"启示基层党组织:要突出核心引领,把准基层协商治理发展总方向;要整合多元力量,使基层协商治理助塑乡村振兴共同体;要全程融入协商民主,使基层协商治理践行全过程人民民主;要实现势能转化,使基层协商治理的制度优势转化为治理效能。     

基层协商民主的操作误区与防避思路

<正>作为一种科学和民主的决策参与机制,基层协商民主被越来越多的地方政府引入治理实践当中,成为社会主义协商民主实践的基础和重点。自2015年《关于加强社会主义协商民主建设的意见》以及《关于加强城乡社区协商的意见》颁布以后,基层协商民主进入全国性推进与应用的"操作阶段"。然而,这两份《意见》给出的是关于协商民主的原则性要求,至于可以落地操作的程     

成都锦江区社会治理新模式

锦江区社区治理经验将向全国推广 党的十七大提出“健全基层党组织领导的充满活力的基层群众自治机制，扩大基层群众自治范围，完善民主管理制度，把城乡社区建设成为管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和的社会生活共同体”，这一要求指明了我国社区建设的方向。     

推进社会治理体系和治理能力现代化研究——以提高协商能力的有效性为例

<正>协商民主是指自由和平等的公民在协商程序的指导下,借助公共理性、合理的话语论证等实现对共识的追求。作为中国特色社会主义制度的一部分,协商民主制度有助于促进社会组织与公民社会的成长,有助于提高社会治理的制度化和规范化水平,有助于推进社会治理体系和治理能力的现代化,充分发挥中国特色社会主义制度的优势。一、协商民主是社会治理的有效形式(一)协商民主有助于提高公共政策的合法性协商民主的最大价值就在于通过公民参与,经由讨     

以协商民主提升乡村治理水平

正协商民主不仅仅是一个理论体系,更重要的是其在现实中具有可操作性和价值性。把协商民主引入乡村治理中的重要价值就在于其功能性和服务性,这里的制度价值主要指的是协商民主在乡村治理实践中的合理运作和发挥出正常的功效。协商民主不仅仅是一种理论,也是一种实践,更是一种制度和价值,它之所以是一种应需品,与其正面效能是分不开的。当前的乡村治理中,村民的意     

数字政府建设背景下协商民主的内涵特征、价值凸显与方向优化

协商民主过程因为数字技术的嵌入而表现出更大的开放性和覆盖力，数字协商民主实现了更为广泛的主体参与、更为丰富的议题讨论、更为平等的协商对话、更为精准的监督监管。其对于现代治理的价值主要体现在：基于联结功能创新的民主动员，基于全样本特征的共识凝练，基于权力关系改变的民主活力激发，基于机会均等趋势的公共精神强化，基于大数据功能的权力制约路径创新。虽然协商讨论数字化特征的强化有助于拓展民众的参与空间而提升民主效果，但技术与制度要充分协调而保证内部一致性，以避免部分居心叵测之人借由技术操纵而“打擦边球”或“绑架民意”，造成“伪民主”。须明确：数字协商民主的运行基础在于对组织制度规章的绝对遵从，虚拟网络空间并非法外之地；数字协商民主的效果取决于制度基础和制度方向，在加速技术创新之前应先提升政府行政价值；数字协商民主的起点在数字技术，但落脚点始终在协商民主，政府应避免陷入“技术迷信”误区。     

城市社区网络化治理的组织机制分析 ——基于天津市X区L街道的个案研究

城市社区网络化治理是对网格化管理存在的"泛行政化""服务供给有限性""社区治理主体协调困境"等局限的全面超越,从"网格化管理"向"网络化治理"转型是城市基层社区治理的新趋势。从天津市X区L街道的社区网络化治理实践来看,其在纵向组织的构建上,实现了行政—党建复合网络架构和治理资源整合;在横向机制上,通过民主恳谈会实现了交流机制的设立,实现了社区多元治理主体动员与组织参与。该个案给我们的启示在于:社区网络化治理必须坚持整体性治理思维,把社区网络化治理看成是一个大的生态系统,把人放在系统环境中,不断构建社区治理共同体;政府应在维护基层社会秩序并实现社区善治的框架内,致力于寻求各类利益主体的利益诉求平衡点;要充分重视社区精英在社会合作和社区治理中的重要作用,重视社区精英吸纳工作。     

地方治理的变迁逻辑与现代转向

目前我国地方政府的角色和职能发生了很大改变,已逐渐完成从地方政府到地方治理的转变。地方治理的发展脉络从集权行政时期、分层放权时期发展至多元治理时期和善治智治时期,其中的变迁逻辑主要体现在治理理念、治理机制、治理实践和行为规则四个方面。地方治理的现代转向是:治理理念的善治导向,治理机制的协商民主,治理实践的多元主体培育,治理方式的智慧治理。     

社会治理视角下社区矫正中的区块链耦合与运用分析

社区矫正属于非监禁性矫正刑罚,具有公正价值、人道价值和效益价值,是社会治理的重要组成部分。当前社区矫正面临着“强国家—弱社会”的态势延续、治理主体之间的信息交流不畅、调查评估的误差削弱矫正效果等内卷化困境,而区块链技术所具有的去中心化、高信任度、可追溯与不可篡改、开放与匿名、价值性等优势有助于社区矫正形成多元治理格局、冲破数据孤岛、提高调查评估的精准性,实现社区矫正质量提升。区块链在社区矫正中的融入面临着区块链硬件与软件的制约、社区矫正刚性与弹性的矛盾、能力供给与需求的不匹配等挑战。对此,领导干部应转变对区块链的认知态度,强化区块链治理能力;完善社区矫正与区块链顶层设计,加强法律法规建设;构建区块链运用配套机制,保障区块链价值充分展现。     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Chronic stress and chronic disease in life and work: Conceptual and methodological issues

This paper argues that the lack of strong prospective evidence linking occupational and social stress to chronic disease stems from the failure of research designs to attend sufficiently to the aetiological chronicity of such diseases. Studies of both supposedly acute stress (life events) and chronic stress in life or work must increasingly be designed to distinguish between stress which is sustained or chronic over a period of yean or even decades, and hence capable of causing a serious chronic disease, and brief or transient stress, which may produce transient or brief psychological or physiological disturbances but cannot generate major chronic disease. Prospective studies are needed which collect measures of both stress and health or disease at multiple points over an extended period of time. Measures of stress should focus more on affect (for example, feelings of pressure and tension) than on cognition (for example feelings of satisfaction). Limited existing evidence is consistent with these ideals.