试论中部地区人力资本投资与崛起

人力资本投资在经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。人力资本投资的不够充分和智力流失是“中部塌陷”的重要成因。本文就实施制度创新战略,改进中部地区人力资本投资,以促进中部崛起展开了相关阐述。     

A Conceptual Framework for Visualizing Composite Indicators

Social Indicators Research - Human development index (HDI) integrating greenness and fairness indicators is an important reference for global governance. This paper used the geometric method to...     

A Recast Framework for Welfare Deservingness Perceptions

Social Indicators Research - Many important societal debates revolve around questions of deservingness, especially when it comes to debates related to inequality and social protection. It is...     

What population studies can do for business

Demographers have a fundamental role to play in planning for the future. They possess a wide range of skills concerning the number, diversity and spatial distribution of the population, which are of value to business concerns. The role of demographers in analysis of census data is of special value. This paper discusses the specific skills acquired by demographers and provides examples of how these skills can be very useful and important in planning in both the private and public sectors. Finally the future of demographic training in Australia is considered by contrasting the APA membership with that of the PAA and considering the need for developing more teaching in demography at Australian tertiary institutions. The role of the APA in improving the status of demography as an important tool for corporate planning for the future is also emphasized.     

Testing a Moderated Model of Satisfaction with Urban Living using Data for Brisbane-South East Queensland,Australia

Using survey data collected from households living in the Brisbane-South East Queensland region, a rapidly growing metropolis in Australia, path analysis is used to test links between urban residents’ assessment of various urban attributes and their level of satisfaction in three urban domains-housing, neighbourhood or local area, and the wider metropolitan region – moderated by selected demographic characteristics of respondents. The analysis also shows the relative contribution of those urban domains to overall life satisfaction. Neighbourhood satisfaction is shown to be much less important in predicting overall life satisfaction than is satisfaction with housing and the region. However, neighbourhood satisfaction impacts indirectly on overall life satisfaction, mediated by regional satisfaction and housing satisfaction. In predicting regional satisfaction, the cost of living and government service provision are shown to be most important, with pollution important for younger people and parents, while improvements to transport systems are more important for the baby boomer generation. Neighbourhood satisfaction is best predicted by neighbourhood interaction and perceived crime, with neighbourhood interaction being more important for older people, while perceived crime is more important for younger and single people. Access to facilities is a poor predictor of neighbourhood satisfaction, except for parents. Satisfaction with housing is shown to be best predicted by housing age, temperature and home ownership. However, larger homes are important for parents, while young people prefer smaller homes. The importance of various urban attributes does not vary between genders. While material concerns like the cost of living and the provision of services are shown to be primary factors underlying overall satisfaction with urban living, the importance of environmental issues and demand for smaller homes might be expected to increase over time.     

浅谈新形势下的计划生育宣传教育工作

宣传教育是贯彻落实计划生育基本国策的中心环节 ,是提高计划生育工作水平 ,实现“两个转变”的根本保证 ,在整个计划生育工作中始终处于首位。因此 ,加强计划生育宣传教育工作势在必行     

影响北京市女儿养老支持作用的因素分析

随着北京市人口的急速老龄化,养老问题对传统的家庭养老体系构成巨大的挑战,提倡和鼓励女儿养老的呼声越来越高。通过北京市老年人调查数据发现,在经济帮助、生活照料、心理慰藉三个方面,女儿都为老年人提供了重要的支持作用。宏观角度,社会经济文化是影响女儿养老支持的大背景。微观角度,女儿和老年人自身的特征是影响女儿养老支持的重要因素。     

山东省养老保障的现状评估与需求分析

伴随着人口老龄化程度的提高,老年抚养比的增加,一个非常现实的问题就是养老保障需求的增加。本文以山东省为例,根据山东省老龄委重大专项课题的实地调查数据和人口预测数据,对山东省养老保障的现状进行评估发现：目前阶段,居家养老仍是老年人最主要的养老方式,但是在人口老龄化程度逐步加深的客观影响下,机构养老需求将会面临巨大的市场需求。因此,本文进一步预测了山东省未来五年内的养老机构需求,以期为山东省合理配置社会保障资源、有效实施社会养老保障需求提供客观事实基础。     

Longitudinal determinants of mobility: new evidence for Indigenous children and their carers

In this paper, I used data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) to look at the factors associated with the probability of an Indigenous child and their carer changing usual residence over a (roughly) one-year timespan. A number of new insights emerge from the analysis. First, those carers of Indigenous children who changed usual residence in the year leading up to Wave 1 of the LSIC were more likely to change usual residence again in the year (or so) that followed. Second, the older the carer, the lower the probability of moving, reflecting the lifecourse patterns of mobility. Third, those who lived in mixed Indigenous and non-Indigenous households had higher levels of mobility than those who lived in Indigenous-only households. The fourth main insight was that the characteristics of one’s dwelling seem to be more important factors in explaining population movement than the characteristics of the area in which one lives. Arguably, the most important insight from the paper is the ability of longitudinal data like the LSIC to provide answers to important policy questions.     

Climatic conditions and infant care: implications for child nutrition in rural Ethiopia

Population and Environment - We examine the relationships between climatic conditions, breastfeeding behavior, and maternal time use in Ethiopia. Infant feeding practices are important predictors...     

美国社会的失业问题及相关救助制度

失业是美国社会长期存在的一个严重的社会问题 ,影响美国失业问题的因素是多种多样的。失业救助作为一项解决失业问题的制度 ,在整个美国社会福利体系中发挥着不可替代的作用。美国的失业救助包含两个主要方面 ,即失业保险和公共救助系统。探讨美国失业救助制度的内容和特点 ,对我国具有重要的现实借鉴意义。     

乡土社会中的“女儿养老”：实践机制及其效果——基于鄂中L村的调查

农村女儿在赡养老人方面扮演着重要角色,具有与儿子一样的正式身份。本文通过对一个个案村庄的深入分析,发现婚姻和养老存在直接的关系,招婿婚姻是确立女儿养老正式身份的仪式过程．是实现女儿家庭养老功能的重要手段。通过招婿婚姻建立的家庭形成以女儿为中心的家庭权力结构．代际关系实现了相对均衡。在村庄中建构起女儿养老的强大伦理,足以与传统的儿子养老相抗争。     

Immigrant migration dynamics model for The Netherlands

In this paper, we analyze the demographic factors that influence the migration dynamics of recent immigrants to The Netherlands. We show how we can allow for both permanent and temporary migrants. Results disclose differences among migrants by migration motive and by country of origin and lend support to our analytical framework. Combining both models, for departure and returning to The Netherlands, yields a framework for predicting the migration dynamics over the life-cycle. From the obtained insight in the dynamic composition of migrants in the country, important policy implications can be derived.     

Dimensions of Housing Deprivation for Older People in Ireland

Housing is an important aspect of living standards and quality of life for older persons, but the housing-related problems they may face encompass rather different circumstances, relating to the condition of the dwelling, how well equipped it is, whether housing costs represent a serious burden, and whether the neighbourhood environment is problematic. This paper brings out the importance of distinguishing these different dimensions of housing problems for older people, illustrated empirically using data for Ireland from an important new European dataset. Controlling for other factors, being older is associated with more housing quality problems but fewer housing cost and neighbourhood problems than for those of working age. The variables predicting deprivation among older people differ across the dimensions and the correlations between the dimensions are low. Over half the older people in the sample experience some form of housing-related deprivation, but a majority of these are reporting only one. Scores on a summary index for older persons are much less strongly associated with factors such as household income and poverty, marital status, and location and type of dwelling than for all households, bringing out the importance of distinguishing and studying the different dimensions and framing appropriate policy responses to each.     

Family dissolution, family reconstitution, and children’s educational careers: Recent evidence for Sweden

Both longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses on a large and recent Swedish data set demonstrate that, compared to children in intact families, children who have experienced family dissolution or reconstitution show lower educational attainment at age 16. Time constraints do not seem to be an important mechanism behind the negative effect of separation. Economic deprivation affects children s attainment negatively, but downward social mobility appears to be an even more important causal mechanism: Losing the parent with the higher social position probably reduces social capital and aspirations. When we control for socioeconomic characteristics, a small net effect of separation and reconstitution remains.     

Exploring Mobility in Public Environments among People with Cognitive Functional Limitations—Challenges and Implications for Planning

Abstract

Mobility in public environments is an important part of people’s everyday life. However, living with functional limitations often means limited mobility. To plan for public environments that enable mobility for everybody, knowledge about various user groups’ mobility is important. Up until now, knowledge concerning the mobility of people with cognitive functional limitations has been scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore, from experts’ perspectives, mobility in public environments among people with cognitive functional limitations (target group). The findings of focus group interviews with experts showed that the target group had to keep external and internal challenges at a manageable level in order to maintain mobility. The target group’s mobility is interpreted as depending on both the individuals’ cognitive capacity in relation to environmental demands as well as the motility of the members of the target group, i.e. how they form their opinions about their possibilities for mobility. Both those aspects are important for planners to consider in order keep the target group mobile.     

流动人口计划生育利益导向机制研究

建立与完善流动人口计划生育利益导向机制对新时期流动人口计划生育工作十分重要。根据流动人口的利益需求点和利益供给点,依据时效性、持续性、充足性、公平性、关联性和广覆盖的原则建立流动人口利益导向机制,并提出建立和完善流动人口计划生育利益导向机制的对策建议,如改变观念,整合资源,建立流动人口大服务平台,加强宣传等。     

Calculating a GPI for Liaoning Province of China

The conventional equation of economic well-being with the gross domestic product (GDP) has dominated policy thinking for at least 50 years. However, a variety of authors have pointed to the social and environmental costs of economic development and called for more comprehensive and more representative measures of progress to be developed. Therefore, a variety of ‘adjusted’ indicators have been developed. The robustness and reliability of these indicators is still a contentious issue. But these attempts raise important questions about sustainable development and pose an important challenge to conventional thinking about the relationship between economic progress, well-being and sustainability. The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) is one of the indicators of measuring sustainable development. Apply it to Liaoning Province, this paper evaluates Liaoning’s GPI from 1978 to 2011. GPI, Per Capita GPI and GDP of Liaoning are compared with each other. It is concluded that GDP and Per Capita GDP of Liaoning grow much faster than GPI and Per Capita GPI. Grouped all components of GPI into three categories (economy, environment and Social), it shows that social and environmental development lags behind economic growth in Liaoning. This paper is till now a unique application of GPI indicator in Liaoning and China’s provincial level and also contribution to the continuing development of the methods and results for the Index of Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). Policy implications are given finally.