创新创业背景下中美高校创客空间案例比较研究

创客空间作为高校创新创业型人才培养的有效载体与学科交叉融合共享的平台,对于进一步开展高校创客空间的研究工作,培育具备创新创业能力与跨界整合能力的新型技术人才具有重要价值。该文对国内外高校现有研究成果进行梳理,采用文献调研、网络调研等方法,分析了6所国内外高校的典型案例特征,归纳出国内外关于创客空间的功能、设计理念、技术支撑、组织结构等方面的研究成果。研究结果表明：国内高校在创客空间构建过程中关注创客空间场地、装备等硬件基础设施投资,而对于管理机制、开放性、安全性和共享性柔性机制的关注仍存在不足之处。最后,结合当下我国创客空间建设的基本情况,提出改进意见,希望研究成果可以为我国高校图书馆创客空间发展提供一些有益的参考。     

“双一流”背景下高校创客空间个性化教学研究

培养创新精神和实践能力已成为当今教育的主题。在“双一流”背景下,对高校创客空间的建设进行研究分析,深入剖析大学生创新意识培养中存在的问题,总结个性化教学中存在的问题,找出合适方法来解决问题。根据个性化理论,提出通过教学模式多元化、丰富教学资源、给予高校学生人文关怀,提高个性化教学在高校创客空间的教学效率。创客空间建设作为我国教育的一个新领域,具有广阔的发展前景,可以为高校学生提供更好的平台和环境,从而进一步提升学生的创新意识,培养学生的创新思维。     

创客空间在高校图书馆管理与服务中的有效应用

随着我国社会经济水平的不断提高,大学生创业活动日益增加,"创客空间"在我国高校迅速发展。现阶段,绝大多数高校图书馆在管理和服务工作中逐步引入创客空间思维,力求为学生创建一个创新型实践平台,以推动高校创业教育。本文主要从创客空间在高校图书馆管理与服务中应用的主要价值着手,进一步分析了创客空间在高校图书馆管理与服务中应用的主要功能,总结了当前建设中存在的问题,并提出了创客空间在高校图书馆管理与服务中应用的有效策略,望对未来创客空间在高校图书馆管理与服务中的应用与发展提供相应借鉴。     

论创客教育的理念和实践

创客教育是基于DIY造物和共享,培养学生创新创造力、跨学科融合、团队协作和人文交流能力的一种素质教育.创客教育旨在培养具有创新精神的复合型人才,近年来逐渐融入传统教育体系,在各大中院校、社区和校外机构占有一席之地.该文首先探讨了创客教育的特点、创客教育者的培养途径以及创客教育实施的几个阶段,然后阐述了将创客教育融入校本课程的几种方法,最后对创客教育的实践做了反思,为创客教育在现行教育体系内的广泛实施提供了借鉴和参考.     

创客教育理念融合专业导论的探索与实践

在"双创"背景下,高校创新创业课程是创客教育生态的重要组成部分,是推进我国创客教育"落地"的重要抓手.针对当前大一新生工程教育存在实践课程介入较晚的问题,电子信息工程学院以专业导论课程改革为切入点,融合创客教育理念,以学生为中心,以项目驱动为抓手,通过课程改革、组织形式、实践平台建设、赛课合一模式、课程评价5个环节全方位推进教学改革.探索初步取得了积极效果,充分调动了学生对专业学习的积极性,强化了动手实践能力,建立了专业认知体系.     

互联网+背景下培养中小学创客教师的基本途径

随着创客教育在中小学的深入发展,创客师资严重不足已成为首当其冲的制约因素。不少学校通过内部培训、外部引智、联合培养等方式来缓解这一问题,但无法从根本上解决创客师资不足问题。该研究首先论述了中小学创客教师的含义;其次在前人探讨的基础上概括出了中小学创客教师应具备五个方面的素养,即:专业素养、合作素养、问题素养、人文素养和创新素养;然后列举了当前中小学创客教师发展存在的三个方面的困难,即教师知识结构单一、工程实践能力不足、培训实践性差等;最后结合互联网优势提出了从四个方面加快培养中小学创客教师的途径。     

新工科背景下高校创客教育的问题及其对策研究

高校大学生作为未来的创新主体,是推动科技创新和发展的重要力量.高校作为培养未来创新主体的平台,在创新发展中占有重要地位.我国高校的创客教育起步较晚,现阶段的高校创客教育发育还不成熟,整体处于起步阶段,发展过程还存在较多的问题,该文基于新工科的背景,从高校学生创新创业意识匮乏、高校创客课程体系不完善和高校创客教育师资力量匮乏三个方面进行分析总结,提出相应措施,以期指导高校创客教育工作的开展.     

创客及其文化历史基因探源

“创客”一词由英国科幻作家科利·多克托罗初创,但创客理念则由美国人戴尔·多尔蒂和克里斯·安德森宣扬开来。创客运动很好地诠释了大众借助科技推动着社会向前发展,而创客运动的发展则离不开创客文化的支撑。创客文化兴盛于美国乃是其历史基因所致,具体说来主要包括车库文化、硅谷文化、 DIY文化和黑客文化。中国发展创客文化势不宜缓,应结合实际情况进行相应培育和创新,而非机械地盲目照搬。     

柴油机喷油嘴测控系统融合实训室建设研究

在柴油机喷油嘴测控系统使用过程中,不同的终端、软件系统、算法体系等方面存在差异,成为其融合(互联互通)的一大阻碍,因此迫切需要一个平台来保证互联互通工作的顺利运行。依托现有校企合作协同创新基地,借助立项的省市级科技计划研究平台,开展柴油机喷油嘴测控系统融合实训室的建设与实践。通过阐明实训室的建设目的与工作定位,提出实训室具体建设方案,并从测试平台、管理制度以及人才队伍建设等方面进行探讨。在建设发展中,实训室为柴油机喷油嘴测控系统的融合提供测试等服务,取得了初步的成效。     

"双创"背景下的高职院校创客教育实践研究 ——以公选通识课《创客文化与实践》为例

创客教育作为培养各类创新型人才的新型教育模式和理念,在不同的教育层面呈现出不同的内涵.该文通过对高职院校人才培养目标、"双创"背景要求以及创客教育自身内涵进行解析,确定出"双创"背景下高职院校创客教育的侧重点.该研究将公选通识课作为创客教育的一种实践路径,在结合高职院校自身特点以及学生学情基础上,以《创客文化与实践》课程为例,制定出创客教育公选通识课的教学策略、教学内容与整体设计,并对课程实践进行反思和展望.     

儿童自闭症干预新路向——整合治疗模式

目前针对儿童自闭症患者流行的是密集式的感觉统合训练和行为训练,虽然取得一定效果,但在自闭症儿童的情绪情感上疗效甚微。本研究在梳理目前常用的自闭症方法的基础之上创造性的形成了整合治疗模式。该模式旨在以行为分析方法为主导,结合结构化教学、音乐治疗、感觉统合训练、家庭支持式咨询等方法中的各项优势,以期帮助儿童更好的全面发展。     

Curriculum Designs for Social Work Education: Some Problems and Possibilities

Correspondence to Ms V. Coulshed, Head of School, School of Social Work, Tasmanian Institute of Technology, Tasmania 7250, Australia Summary Internationally, social work programmes continue to seek curriculumdesigns which are coherent, integrated and encourage the transferof learning from one knowledge area to another. In the UK, theCentral Council for Education and Training in Social Work (CCETSW),has proposed a new form of training: by lengthening the periodof training, collaborating more closely with agencies and ensuringspecial competence in at least one sphere, the CCETSW plansto provide the l99( with a highly competent work-force. Thispaper explores the feasibility of so doing within a three-yearfoundation course. It examines some of the existing problemsin course content and structure which the new programmes, farfrom remedying, may actually worsen. Some beginning thoughtson models of curriculum design, which offer possibilities forcoherence, integration and knowledge transfer are suggested.     

Expanding state space and extension of beliefs

This article provides a simple decision theoretic model in which elements of the world successively enter the decision maker??s scope and the state space expands over time, which is intended to be the closest correspondence to the standard subjective expected utility theory. We propose a dynamic consistency condition that after any expansion of the scope, the preference ranking should remain unchanged over acts to which the expansion is irrelevant. Together with other natural axioms, it characterizes a model in which the decision maker??s belief extends over time in order that the marginal distribution of the new belief induced over the old state space coincides with the old belief. It is extended to encompass both expansion of scope and learning events, and we characterize the model with an additional property that the decision maker??s belief updating follows Bayes?? rule when she learns events.     

Diversity Training and Intergroup Contact: A Call to Action Research

Diversity training is a type of prejudice reduction and social inclusion intervention in need of "action research"—an integration of research and theory with practice ( Lewin, 1946 ). Hundreds of workplaces and schools use some form of diversity training, but most interventions are not grounded in theory and there is little evidence of program impact. A recent study of a school diversity training program illustrates how action research can address theoretical issues using experimental methods and unobtrusive outcome measures. For future research, the literature on intergroup contact ( Pettigrew, 1998 ) can provide theoretical guidance while testing and refining its principles in the application and investigation of diversity training. Action research will benefit diversity training and the broader theoretical and applied project of prejudice reduction and the promotion of social inclusion.     

Are beliefs a matter of taste? A case for objective imprecise information

We argue, in the spirit of some of Jean-Yves Jaffray’s work, that explicitly incorporating the information, however imprecise, available to the decision maker is relevant, feasible, and fruitful. In particular, we show that it can lead us to know whether the decision maker has wrong beliefs and whether it matters or not, that it makes it possible to better model and analyze how the decision maker takes into account new information, even when this information is not an event and finally that it is crucial when attempting to identify and measure the decision maker’s attitude toward imprecise information.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： SPACE PRODUCTION AND URBAN ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA--The Loss of Urban Order and the Ethical Construction of Urban Order in Contemporary China

快速城市化的中国处于建构城市意义、城市秩序的关键期。城市是一个空间有机体，是人类文明要素的空间化有机聚集；城市意义是城市有机体的伦理纽带，一个没有意义归属的城市将充满风险、冲突频发。在建构城市物质形态的同时，使城市整合为一个有秩序的意义共同体，是实现城市可持续繁荣的内在要求。重构城市空间，从城市物性空间、社会空间、心理空间的整合性与互动性出发，建构合理的“空间—伦理生态”，是建构城市秩序的重要现实路径；以社区、社会组织等为载体，合理推进以意义为纽带的集体行动，是建构城市秩序的重要伦理选择。     

Kids' Club Letters: Narrative Tools for Stimulating Process and Dialogue in Therapy Groups for Children and Adolescents by DeGangi,G. A., & Nemiroff,M. A.

The benefits of assertion training have been well documented, but this approach to helping people become more effective in obtaining their rights has largely been confined to work with the middle class. In this presentation of a six-session workshop, the principles and techniques of assertion training are applied to the particular needs of public welfare clients. Specific exercises involving the use of behavior rehearsal, coaching or prompting, model presentation, and homework have been designed for use in training clients in assertion skills. This application of assertion training has been developed with a workshop format, but the exercises can be used selectively and integrated with other treatment approaches.     

Domination structures and multicriteria problems in n-person games

Multiple criteria decision problems with one decision maker have been recognized and discussed in the recent literature in optimization theory, operations research and management science. The corresponding concept with n-decision makers, namely multicriteria n-person games, has not yet been extensively explored.In this paper we first demonstrate that existing solution concepts for single criterion n-person games in both normal form and characteristic function form induce domination structures (similar to those defined and studied by Yu [39] for multicriteria single decision maker problems) in various spaces, including the payoff space, the imputation space and the coalition space. This discussion provides an understanding of some underlying assumptions of the solution concepts and provides a basis for generalizing and generating new solution concepts not yet defined. Also we illustrate that domination structures may be regarded as a measure of power held by the players.We then illustrate that a multicriteria problem can naturally arise in decision situations involving (partial) conflict among n-persons. Using our discussion of solution concepts for single criterion games as a basis, various approaches for resolving both normal form and characteristic function form multicriteria n-person games are proposed. For multicriteria games in characteristic function form, we define a multicriteria core and show that there exists a single game point whose core is equal to the multicriteria core. If we reduce a multicriteria game to a single criterion game, domination structures which are more general than classical ones must be considered, otherwise some crucial information in the game may be lost. Finally, we discuss a parametrization process which, for a given multicriteria game, associates a single criterion game to each point in a parametric space. This parametrization provides a basis for the discussion of solution concepts in multicriteria n-person games.     

我国高教园区教育资源的整合与共享——以江苏省为例

高教园区是随着我国高等教育的快速发展而产生的新事物,建设高教园区的目的是拓展高等教育的发展空间,整合高校资源,降低办学成本,提高办学效益。然而,通过对江苏省12座地级市的11个高教园区及12所高校新校区的教学资源配置及利用状况的调查表明,高校虽然建在了一起,但教学资源的整合、利用与共享的目标尚未实现。基于此,应成立专门的组织协调机构,制定切实可行的规章制度,在体育场馆、图书文献资源和实验室设备上加大整合力度,为培养高素质、高质量人才全面实现资源共享。