罗马市的城市公共交通

<正>罗马市系意大利共和国首都,其城市公共交通由罗马市城市公共交通公司(以下简称“罗马城交公司”)经营。     

世界公共交通简讯

<正>意大利意大利首都罗马十分重视城市的生态环境,尤其是拥有众多历史建筑的市中心。为此制定了一个目标,要求在这个范围内行驶的公共交通车辆都要做到"零排放"。该市的Atac SpA交通公司于1996年开始使用Gulliver U500 ESP小型电动公共汽车,1999年开始增加Iveco 12 m混合动力公共汽车,此后又增加了12 m Mercedes Citaro CRT公共     

世界公共交通简讯

<正>美国波士顿是美国东部最早发展的城市,1631年建成美国第一个轮渡系统,1897年建成美国第一条地铁线。波士顿位于麻萨诸塞湾区,麻州湾区交通公司(MBTA)为湾区175个城镇提供公共交通服务,共有公共汽车与无轨电车线路171条,长1168km；地铁、轻轨、通勤铁路等轨道交通线路21条,其中地铁、轻轨线路长102km,通勤铁路长589km。日客运量为120万人次,其中公共汽车36．3万人次,地铁和     

世界公共交通简讯

<正> 美国 海湾战争中“沙漠风暴”用于控制导弹和部队的卫星技术,现在已用来跟踪整个城市的公共汽车。达拉斯市新近装置的GPS系统可以对达拉斯地区交通公司(DART)的1500多辆公共汽车和其它车辆进行监视,从而可以改进服务,适应时刻表的要求,对于紧急情况可以缩短反应时间。DART是世界上第一个采用这种新技术的公共交通系统,控制的面积达到1800多km~2。在控制中心的计算机屏幕上显示出有街道的地图,调度人员可以看到车辆行驶、转弯、上下客的情况。 加利福尼亚南部圣巴巴拉市的一辆电动     

亚特兰大的公共交通

<正> 亚特兰大是佐治亚洲的首府,美国南北战争中发生过著名的亚特兰大战役。她是美国东南部金融、商业中心,也是重要的销售业、制造业、教育和医疗的中心,曾举办1996年奥运会。亚特兰大城市快速公共交通公司(MARTA)在美国的公交系统中排行第9位,日平均客运量为55万人次,年行驶里程为5760万车公里。MARTA营运的公共汽车路线有154条,704辆公共汽车,轨道交通的总长度为47.6km,有38座车站,238辆轨道车辆。公司职工有5099人。     

浅析清代治藏政策的演变

本文首先介绍清朝最开始在西藏实行政教分离、以蒙治藏政策。其次介绍以藏治藏政策的由来及政教合一制度的最终确立。最后介绍了清末西藏地方新政的详细情况。本文以历史时间为线索详细介绍了清王朝在不同阶段在西藏地方实行的各项政策。     

浅析电子商务在经济型酒店中的应用及其意义

本文首先介绍电子商务的概念,然后介绍国内电子商务发展的现状,简单介绍一下经济型酒店发展历程,最后分析电子商务在经济型酒店中的应用及其意义。     

三年级之“写自己”

向他人介绍自己，可以介绍自己的相貌、性格、好恶、生活习惯，也可介绍自己学习、品行方面的优点和缺点。总之，要抓住自己的与众不同之点来写，内容要真实。     

燃气预警系统服务的构建技术与运用

介绍了燃气调压器预警系统服务的构建原理,对所涉及的相关技术进行介绍及比较。     

科技产品介绍的文体特点

以AESC的一则锂电池产品介绍为例,详细阐述了科技产品介绍的语言特征及文体特点,尝试对生产商和消费者在制作产品介绍和购买产品时提供一定的指导作用。     

Cultural Studies in Black and White

Political intervention is deeply etched in the history and theory of Cultural Studies. The vehicle of intervention is typically understood as textual and the measure of success as ‘has it changed the world?’ This graphic and textual essay argues for and enacts thinking of and practising intervention more innovatively and more modestly: as equally extra-textual, and as a site for experimentation in the folds among theory, practice, and the quotidian. The author’s original black and white charcoal and pastel images are paired with text to explore the potential for an articulation of the visual and the textual to engage, convey, actualize, and produce concepts and insights of Cultural Studies. In evocative images and accessible language it enacts a new mode of engaging the theory and practice of Cultural Studies, specifically engaging concepts of articulation and assemblage, movement and things, questions of identity, the importance of affect, the power of transformation, youth cultures and resistance, The Black Lives Matter movement and matters of race, the struggles of women, the challenge of overcoming culturally engendered hatred of difference, and the difficulties of negotiating change in the precarious circumstances of contemporary culture.     

Cultural studies of extraction

The special double issue at hand offers Cultural Studies engagements with extractivism and the myriad of conflicts, struggles and other processes and phenomena that have risen together with the on-going intensification and expansion of extractivist industries and exploitation. In this article, we examine the political and epistemological stakes of these engagements, and introduce the different perspectives from which the notions of extractivism and extraction are approached within this issue. We argue that as a conceptual framework loaded with political meaning and potential, and able to address the on-going moment of dwindling resources, environmental degradation and heightened social and economic inequality, extractivism and studies of extraction are crucial for the discipline’s efforts to engage contemporary culture politically, and to examine on-going processes of exploitation and subjectification through specific context and cases. Many of the articles included in this issue expand understandings of extraction, and present a broad range of methods and analytical frameworks through which different forms of ‘extractivism’ and its consequences might be examined, deciphered and discussed within Cultural Studies. And yet, what emerges out of these efforts eventually, is the ultimate centrality of the war between climate and capital for contemporary politics of globalization.     

上海城乡统筹发展的路径和突破口研究

上海城乡二元结构的深层次问题突出表现为:城乡居民收入差距仍然明显,促进农民增收的难度加大;郊区人口持续导入,对公共服务和社会管理的要求提高;农村土地和产权制度改革滞后,深化改革的条件尚不成熟;郊区城市化进程加速,管理体制和管理模式亟待转变;新城和小城镇等城乡统筹载体建设有待加强。上海城乡统筹发展要牢牢把握公共服务均等化、发展成果共享化、发展权利平等化内涵,坚持以城带乡、城乡一体、互动发展,以推进新型城市化战略为主攻方向,以加强城乡规划一体化为前提,以加快新城开发建设为突破口,以土地管理、集体产权、社会管理制度改革为支撑,以基本公共服务均等化为着力点,大力推进工业向园区集中、居住向社区集中、农业向规模经营集中,努力实现优化农村土地资源配置方式、优化城乡资源要素流动方式、优化城乡统筹发展方式,推进城乡一体化发展。     

规训与抵制:大学生视觉形象重构

传统影像建构出大学生的消费者、服务者、普通人形象,却在悠远的宏大叙事向日常生活实践的转向、新媒介、城市空间等面向中被当代大学生解构和重构。这三个面向统合在青年亚文化中。并为大学生进行自身形象的视觉建构提供了技术和思想准备。政治话语与娱乐诉求的分离、日常生活审美化的趋势与商品利益的幕后操纵所形成的合力,询唤着当代大学生的时尚表现者和身体抵抗者形象的视觉建构:时尚的区分与整合功能使大学生实现自我认同和社会归属,同时内生抵抗主流意识形态的力量而建构身体抵抗者形象。抵抗的实质其实是大学生与媒介和商品合谋,当代大学生的视觉建构与大众媒介的商业利益相互邀约、彼此验证,携手建构出媒介暗自得意、大学生自觉另类、社会秩序和谐稳定的"整体的生活方式"。     

中国青年文化景观的形成轨迹与引导理路

中华人民共和国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,青年文化发展出现服从与反思、解放与迷茫、理性与矛盾勾勒的变迁图景,也反映出新时代青年文化的发展趋向。新时代的青年文化景观既具有青年文化的预见性与超越性、进取性和建构性、理想性和生活性等共性特征,又突出表现为雅俗共赏、进退有度、家国兼顾的时代特性。新时代,应注重从个人追求与社会理想的统一、独立思想与过硬本领的统一、青春热情与社会担当的统一几方面入手,突出政治引领、思想引领、责任引领在青年文化引导上的关键作用,推动青年文化持续向前发展。     

关于上海科技服务业发展环境的调研

近年来,上海科技创新体系总体呈现良好发展态势。但现阶段仍然存在着科技成果转化率低、科技成果转化供需双方两头冷的现象。究其原因,地区科技服务业发展相对滞后是一个重要原因。总体来看,上海虽已初步形成了科技创新服务体系,但科技服务能力的疲软仍是阻碍创新型城市和创新型国家的建设的短板。上海应逐步调整科技服务业的发展路径,将科技服务业列入现代服务业的主要产业来培育,进一步优化科技服务业市场化运作环境,有效激发其活力,从而提升上海城市综合服务功能和自主创新能力。     

Assemblages and affect: migrant mothers and the varieties of absent children

Drawing from stories told by migrant women in Hong Kong, this article builds on previous studies of ‘left‐behind children’ and calls for greater attention to the spectrum of sorts of absent children and to the formation of queer or less normative forms of migratory families. Taking a two‐pronged approach, I present an on‐the‐ground ethnographic and affective approach through several vignettes, and consider key elements of a more mid‐range and distanced ‘global assemblage’ approach to the institutions and expert knowledge that shape the experiences and practices of migrant mothers, migratory families, and the spectrum of absent children. This article posits that one's biological children, perhaps the most familial of kin, can become familiar or even unfamiliar strangers through contemporary processes, technologies and practices of migration and separation, and that the process of migration makes and unmakes conventional and unconventional sorts of families. While affective and assemblage approaches are independently valuable, combined they offer richer understandings of the complex interplay of factors – at various levels – that shape normative and queer families and different types of children's absences.     

The Sociologies of Knowledge,Science, and Intellectuals: Distinctive Traditions and Overlapping Perspectives

This article reviews sociological approaches to the production, evaluation, and diffusion of knowledge in the arena of scholarly production – the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. At first glance, sociological approaches to scholarly knowledge production seem to congeal around the hard sciences, on the one hand, and philosophy, on the other. I eschew this polarization and construct an analytic frame of reference for analyzing the sociological dimensions of scholarly production more generally. This article maps successive phases of sociological approaches to scholarly production, by overlaying and distinguishing among theories in the sociology of knowledge, sociology of science, and sociology of intellectuals. I analyze classical theorists’ emphases on class analysis and the social function of intellectuals; mid-century adaptations of functionalism, social structure theory, and institutional theory to analyze intellectual and academic life; critical and reflexive theories, including feminist critiques of science and knowledge; recent emphases on how social movement politics and social networks influence intellectual change; theories of the university as a professional arena and a field of culture production; and studies of knowledge-making practices in group research situations. In addition to arguing for more theoretical and methodological precision in analyses of scholarly and scientific knowledge-making, I conclude with cautionary tales and future prospects for sociological studies of modern academic life.     

Fighting in the Dark: Ideology and State Formation in Post‐Colonial Burma

Extant major approaches to states and revolutions privilege the role of state practices and the character of war‐making in shaping modern state‐making in the Third World. Bringing the role of ideology into this analytical landscape of state‐making, this paper advances an alternative claim that ideological practices shape modern state structures and practices as well as the dynamics of political contention between the state and the revolutions. First, I argue that that intra‐movement ideological dynamics within the nationalist movement can have a profound impact on the structure and practices of the state. Using the writings of the party leaders, memoirs and official publications of the Burmese communist party, I maintain that subtle and specific ideological differences amongst the Burmese leftist movements generated organizational splits and internecine conflicts in the nationalist struggle, which exerted profound influences on the structures and practices of the Burmese state Secondly, relative ideological positions of the state and the revolutionary movements play an important role in shaping the dynamics of contention between the state and revolution. For example, an intimate web of ideological affinity between the nascent Burmese state and the Burmese leftist movements shaped the context and content of political contention between the state and these movements in the post‐colonial Burma. To address these issues empirically, the first part of the paper examines the formation and cementation of organizational linkages amongst Burmese leftist nationalists during the anti‐colonial struggle. The second part of the paper addresses specific and subtle ways in which ideological character and practices of the Burmese state and the Burmese Communist party shaped state practices and state structures in modern Burma as well as the dynamics of political contention between the state and the revolutionary movements.     

Editorial

This editorial presents an overview of the articles contained in this issue of Gender and Development, addressing the key themes of globalization and diversity. The collection of articles recalls why the project of promoting gender-equitable development continues to be critical in the 21st century, identifies some key challenges confronting those working on gender development, and takes a brief look at some examples of innovative work. This collection begins with a group of articles examining economic, political, and social changes associated with globalization, and analyzing their positive and negative impacts on different men and women. The ways in which specific aspects of globalization affect gender relations and shape the choices and chances of men and women are traced. In particular, writers highlight the failure of governments and development agencies to challenge fully the false assumptions about the nature of the role of men and women in society upon which global activity is based. Drawing on insights from academic research and feedback from practitioners, the second group of articles presents the basic concepts and terminology used in gender and development work. Lastly, the third group of articles offers innovative case studies of current gender-sensitive development work. Emphasis is placed on topical issues, including acknowledgment of sexuality as a development issue, critique on the assumption of entrepreneurship as gender neutral, and the assertion of the need for mainstream institutions, including government and development funders to work with women's organizations.