浅谈漂流旅游景区的服务质量管理

现代漂流是一种大众化的、以娱乐、探险为目的的休闲旅游活动。近些多年来,游客对国内漂流景区服务质量的投诉越来越多,服务质量问题已严重制约我国漂流旅游业的发展。从游客体验质量和提高自身竞争力的角度出发,漂流景区应坚持全面质量管理原则,重点抓好服务触质量管理,以此为游客提供整体的、高水平的服务体验。     

基于提前支付且考虑银行存贷的资金约束供应链最优定价决策

针对由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的供应链,考虑制造商或零售商在资金闲置与资金约束时向银行存款与贷款的情形,研究了供应链Stackelberg定价策略。首先,给出了市场需求函数;然后,考虑销售收入的零存整取收益、利润的存款收益以及贷款损失,分别构建了制造商资金约束与零售商资金约束两种情形下基于提前支付且考虑银行存贷的供应链成员利润函数;进一步地,依据Stackelberg理论,确定了两种权力结构下供应链的最优策略;在此基础上,分析了零存整取利率、存款利率和贷款利率对供应链最优策略的影响;最后,针对不同资金约束对象与不同权力结构,对比分析了银行利率对供应链最优策略的影响差异,揭示其背后的影响机理。研究结果表明,三种银行利率均会影响供应链的最优策略,相对于供应链权力结构,其影响与供应链资金约束对象更加相关。     

浅谈旅游季节性波动对青岛旅游企业服务质量的影响

本文针对青岛旅游概况,对因旅游季节波动而产生的淡旺季现象,以及这种现象对青岛旅游企业服务质量的影响展开分析,明确旅游的季节性波动是否对企业的服务质量产生影响,找出具体的影响体现在那些方面,并找出均衡服务质量的对策。     

随机回收和有限库存下逆向供应链决策研究

针对制造商作为核心企业的逆向供应链,面临库存设施容量限制,以及回收量为回收价格和回收努力的随机线性函数关系问题,本文分别讨论了回收量在库存范围之内和超出库存范围两种情况下,由制造商负责租借额外库存时,逆向供应链成员企业的决策行为。得出,制造商需要向第三方仓储系统租借库存和有能力承受回收产品所需的库存容量范围,以及在不同库存范围内逆向供应链成员的最优决策和最优收益。     

不同库存决策机制对供应链绩效的影响:确定性模型

许多成功企业的经验表明,供应链重构是企业增强竞争力的主要措施之一.要成功地进行供应链重构,必须要对各种供应链重构策略进行分析.在经济订货量(EOQ)模型假设下,针对由一个制造商与一个零售商所构成的供应链,研究了零售商优先决策、制造商优先决策以及联合决策3种供应链管理机制对供应链绩效的影响.通过理论分析与数值模拟方法,说明了在这种供应链中存在"双重边际性"现象,这将有助于决策者选择合适的供应链管理机制,并为下一步进行供应链重构打下理论基础.     

供应链知识共享的决策行为及影响因素研究

识别知识共享的影响因素是成功实施供应链知识共享的重点。以具有Stackelberg博弈特征的供应链为研究对象,分析了3种不同情况下供应链知识共享的决策行为,在定量分析的基础上讨论了供应链知识共享行为的影响因素。研究结果表明,供应链知识共享行为受到了知识价值、共享收益以及企业在供应链中的地位等诸多因素的影响。     

供应链中期权合约与混合合约决策选择

研究由单供应商和单零售商组成的二级供应链,面对不确定的市场需求,零售商可以通过期权合约或混合合约(期权合约与远期合约的组合)向供应商订购产品。通过建立 Stackelberg 博弈模型,求解两种合约形式下零售商的最优采购决策与供应商的最优定价决策。亦从供应商和零售商的不同视角比较了两种合约。结果显示,供应商倾向采用期权合约销售产品,即使在混合合约背景下,供应商也会通过提高远期合约价格来阻止零售商通过远期合约采购产品。而零售商通过期权合约采购时收益能否提升则会受到期权执行价格和产品残值的影响。     

Nash 讨价还价公平参考下的供应链优化决策

基于 Nash 讨价还价博弈思想建立公平参考框架,构建公平关切效用体系,以此为基础对报童模型展开行为研究,探讨零售商的公平关切行为倾向对供应链的影响． 通过数值分析说明了模型的应用,并通过比较静态分析进一步分别讨论了零售商的最优决策和供应链系统最优决策的性质．     

逆向选择下供应链业务外包中的最优合约配置

研究了委托人(业务购买方)对于承包人(业务供应方)生产成本具有非对称信息时的最优合约设计问题.基于委托人视角,给出了委托人如何诱导代理人报告自己真实成本信息的逆向选择模型,并刻画了最优合约的特征.结果表明:给出的合约能够达到诱导代理人讲真话的目的;在信息非对称条件下,委托人由于信息缺乏受到了损失,而低成本类型的代理人获得了额外的信息租金;在非对称信息条件下,最优合约的参数配置受到委托人事前信念的影响.     

VMI下的两级供应链库存决策模型研究

在季节性商品销售环境下,考虑由一个供应商和两个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型.引入 VMI 运行机制,讨论供应商的最优库存决策.传统上,供应商总是在销售季节开始前确定各个零售商处的库存量,而不会对两个零售商处的库存进行调节.研究当供应商有能力在销售季节开始之初对两个零售商处的库存进行调节时其最优决策将发生的变化.文章进一步讨论了库存转运对零售商以及供应链整体性能所带来的影响.分析了单位转运价格等参数变动对最优解的影响.用一个算例对结论进行了说明.     

A numerical analysis of supply chain performance under split decision rights

We examine periodic review supply chain models where order quantity and shipping frequency are both decision variables and decision-making rights are split between supply chain agents. We address two general questions: (1) when does decentralized decision making result in the greatest loss in supply chain performance; and (2) what effect does the distribution of channel power have on performance loss. We characterize optimal policies where possible in each scenario and we use numerical analysis to generate insights. We find that performance losses from decentralized control are somewhat limited in our results due to risk pooling and that the magnitude of performance loss is strongly influenced by the relative holding and penalty costs, but somewhat invariant to demand uncertainty. Furthermore, we find that concentrating channel power with the supplier can lead to supply chain profits that are very close to a centralized scenario, but also results in lower customer service levels.     

A decision support system for a third-party coordinator managing supply chain with demand uncertainty

Global supply chains reduce cost but increase lead times, complexities and uncertainties. Retailers in consumer products industry are getting shorter lead time to respond to market demand. To meet this challenge, many rely on third party supply chain managers (SCMs) for economically supplying required quantities of finished products quickly. However, due to shorter ‘time to market’, the SCM has to procure raw materials and start production process based on expected demand. Since SCM absorbs financial penalties associated with under- and over-estimation of demand from retailer, finding an optimal production lot size and product customisation strategy are essential to an SCM's operation. We develop a profit maximisation model and provide a close-form solution that allows an SCM to calculate optimal production lot size. The model is used to examine profitability of postponing product customisation. Finally, the effect of demand variation on SCM's profitability is explored.     

不同CSR分担模式下的闭环供应链销售努力与定价决策

本文研究考虑企业社会责任(CSR)闭环供应链的定价及销售努力问题,在制造商、零售商以及二者联合承担CSR三种模式下,分析了CSR行为对闭环供应链销售努力及定价策略的影响。研究表明,无论在何种CSR分担模式下,成员企业的CSR行为不仅有利于降低产品价格,提高零售商的销售努力水平、产品销量及废旧产品回收效果,还有效的增加了制造商的社会福利、第三方及系统的总利润。当制造商或零售商单独承担CSR时,第三方及闭环供应链整体的利润均相等且大于二者联合承担CSR时。当制造商和零售商联合承担CSR时,二者的社会福利均大于其单独承担CSR时,且主导零售商的社会福利较之制造商更大。     

Coordinating replenishments in a supply chain with quality control considerations

We study the impact of coordinated replenishment, a popular supply chain initiative, on a quality control system. We use the (Q, S) policy to manage a two-item inventory control system. If the items are jointly replenished, the number ordered for each item varies from lot to lot. As the number varies, the sampling plan will also be changed. Companies have to determine sampling plans to minimize quality cost when the order is mixed with several items and the number of each item varies from order to order. Management's primary concern is to determine the optimal sampling sizes and acceptance numbers for all items in an order.     

Optimal design of supply chain networks under uncertain transient demand variations

We consider a detailed mathematical formulation for the problem of designing supply chain networks comprising multiproduct production facilities with shared production resources, warehouses, distribution centers and customer zones and operating under time varying demand uncertainty. Uncertainty is captured in terms of a number of likely scenarios possible to materialize during the lifetime of the network. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved to global optimality using standard branch-and-bound techniques. A case study concerned with the establishment of Europe-wide supply chain is used to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results obtained provide a good indication of the value of having a model that takes into account the complex interactions that exist in such networks and the effect of inventory levels to the design and operation.