公用事业民营化过程中政府与民营资本的博弈分析

对我国公用事业民营化的现状做了简要阐述,运用博弈模型分析我国公用事业民营化的必然性,提出政府激励性规制、惩罚性规制以及政府失灵等相关问题,在此基础上提出完善政府规制和提高民营资本服务效率的对策建议。     

公用事业民营化改革：问题分析与政策安排

公用事业部门通常是指邮政、电信、电力、供气、供热、供水、排水、公共交通以及其他市政服务等与人们生活密切相关的领域。由于公用事业具有很强的自然垄断性和明显的社会公益特征，一直以来我国公用事业运营采取的是政府投资建设、财政补贴运营、国有企业垄断经营的模式。这种经营模式一方面造成作为惟一投资主体的政府财政负担沉重，     

城市公用事业市场化的特许经营之路

一、公用事业市场化与特许经营是市政发展的必然要求 公用事业特许经营是指城市政府通过特定的程序和方式,授权给符合条件的企业对某项公用事业产品进行经营的权利和制度.简单讲,就是政府的事(公用事业),通过合同约定,交给企业去办(经营).可以用"官督民办"四个字来概括特许经营制度的内涵.     

公用事业改革的国际经验及启示

发达国家的改革经验和成效表明,公用事业民营化改革不仅有助于降低政府成本,而且能改善公共服务的质量和水平。     

民营化经营、政府购买服务——温岭公交改革的实践与探索

公共交通是重要的基础设施和大众的出行方式,其社会公益性特征明显,基本的公交服务是政府应尽的职责.温岭的公交改革,在坚持公交民营化经营的同时兼顾了公交产品的“公益性”特征,通过财政补贴的准确计量和服务质量的严格考核,较好地处理了政府、企业和消费者三者之间的关系,为“民营化经营、政府购买服务”的公交改革增添了新的内容.     

上海城市公用事业运营模式演变及思考

作者根据调查研究和认识,论述了上海城市公用事业运营模式的演变过程,以政资分离、政企分开,确立投资主体、授权经营为突破口;打破垄断,引入公私合作制;对运营模式进行了改革。对目前上海城市公用事业运营中存在的问题进行思考,提出应该建立多元化投融资模式、转变政府的职能和定位、改革审批制度等等,加强对城市公用事业市场体系的监管。     

我国公用事业民营化的风险与政府责任

一、公用事业及其民营化改革 在我国现行的法律、规章中,对公用事业及其范围有着不同的界定.一般认为公用事业是关于生产、流通和居民生活的各项事业的总称,其范围包括:供水、供热、供气、城市公交、排水、污水和垃圾处理、园林绿化、环境卫生、道路与桥梁建设和养管以及电讯、电力、邮政、铁路、公路、水路和民航运输等行业.     

市政公用事业的特许经营与行业监管

该文介绍了市政公用事业市场化改革、特许经营和政府监管的概念、内容和实施方法及它们之间的关系,建议处理好政府与企业的关系,并关注特许经营的风险。     

对城市公用事业改革问题的探讨

城市公用事业是具有自然垄断特征的产业，又是关系国计民生的基础性、命脉性产业。改革治理的方向应既要坚持国有经济的控制地位，国企不能全面退出，又要引入竞争机制，放宽市场准入限制。同时要建立与公用事业市场化改革要求相适应的政府规制。     

城市公用事业民营化:从发达国家经验论我国的政府定位与融资策略

城市公用事业指城市供水、供气、供热、污水处理、垃圾处理、城市公共交通以及市政基础设施和市政工程等。长期以来．城市公用事业与电力、电信、民航、铁路、邮政等行业一起被列为国有垄断行业．政企不分、垄断经营、效率低下、国家财政负担沉重等问题是这些行业的共同特征。经济发展要求城市公用事业的高效率运行．市场化改革势在必行．发达国家的一些成功经验可为我们提供参考和借鉴。     

为公用事业市场化经营创造一个良好的法律环境——基于特许经营融资的视角

从特许经营项目可融资性角度,分析我国目前特许经营立法及实践中存在的问题,并就如何提高政府依法行政能力和为公用事业市场化经营创造更好的法律环境提出建议。     

城市公用事业市场化进程中的规制路径变迁

分析国外城市公用事业市场化进程中的规制改革路径,梳理合同规制在城市公用事业规制中的明显优势,并结合我国城市公用事业市场化方式的特点和所暴露的问题,提出在我国城市公用事业规制改革中尝试实施合同规制。     

Innenansichten eines Wohlfahrtsmarkts

The 2001 pension reform act (“Riester reform”) has recast old-age security in Germany by placing more emphasis on private provisions. The new policy draws on markets and competitive structures in social welfare, as done earlier in long-term care and in public utilities. In the social welfare sector in Germany, such privatisation mostly goes hand in hand with a far-reaching “social” regulation of markets. Old-age pensions are the most recent case in point. For the first time, financial markets figure as welfare markets. This is done in the politically most sensitive sector of the German welfare state, old-age security. In theoretical terms, we interpret the change as a structural transformation of German “social capitalism”. Empirically, we investigate the structure of the new welfare market and the attitudes of the providers, based on a survey of all providers of private pensions in Germany. The findings include: (1) Markets can produce the welfare good “income security in old-age” only by way of a complex arrangement of three markets – financial markets, pension markets and markets for financial consultancy services. (2) The pension reform of 2001 has given rise to a new welfare market: an old-age pension market as a distinct sub sector of the wider market for financial investment and saving. The pension market constitutes a new field of business, with new actors, new products and new arenas of competition. The new market is created and shaped by politics. (3) The new private pension market combines market principles with welfare state principles. The providers conceive of their business as contributing to social security, and they recognise that the state sustains and structures the market.     

Incorporation and Gated Communities in the Greater Metro-Los Angeles Region as a Model of Privatization of Residential Communities

ABSTRACT

The privatization of urban public space has accelerated through the closing, redesign, and policing of public parks and plazas, the development of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) that monitor and control local streets and parks, and the transfer of public air rights for the building of corporate plazas ostensibly open to the public. In the suburbs, privatization also takes the form of conservation easements that restrict access to public lands, the creation of shopping malls and new town centers relocated within these private commercial developments, and the building of gated residential communities. Accompanying this expansion of private interests are changes in strategies of governance and regional differences in how local governments and residents are encouraging private encroachment on public space. This article focuses this third set of privatization practices by discussing how gated communities manipulate municipal and town planning laws to control public space and tax dollars. To accomplish this task, I discuss the emergence of gated communities as a new form of privatization of urban/suburban space and then tease out the legal and institutional underpinnings of this spatial governance. The geography of gated communities in greater metro-Los Angeles region and their use of the strategy of incorporation to capture public taxes for private use is employed as a model for understanding the future of gating in the United States. The Los Angeles model is then compared to current gating patterns in urban and suburban gated communities in New York and Texas. These manipulations of private land use controls in the United States are not necessarily new, but with gating there is an accelerating trend away from governmental and public control of land use toward an increased reliance on privately created controls. The consequences of this shift toward privatization of land use control is an impoverishment of the public realm and access to public resources, especially public space.     

Bureaucracy Redux: Management Reformism and the Welfare State

Bureaucratic discretion is a fundamental feature of social provision,one that presents enduring difficulties for management. In general,management reform has taken two, divergent paths. One, utilizingthe familiar public bureaucratic model, seeks to control discretionthrough hierarchical command structures and standardization.The other, utilizing decentralization and privatization, regulatesand relocates discretion, using incentive structures associatedwith market or quasi-market institutions. However, it may bethat discretion will prove to be as problematic for the newpublic management (NPM) as it was for the old. This articleoffers a critical political history of management reformism,reviewing efforts to reorganize the public welfare provisionby applying new public management models to old public bureaucracyproblems. It considers the dynamics of bureaucratic discretionand reform not only as a problem of public management but aspart of the contested politics of social policymaking.     

For the public good: Urban youth advocacy and the fight for public education

This article examines a grassroots movement for public education that has recently emerged to challenge corporate-style education reformers. These reformers became well-established in the early 21st century promoting the business strategies of capitalism such as school choice, competition, privatization, and closure. To understand how and why local communities are fighting for public education while embracing a much older, traditional notion of the common good, this article takes Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a case study, situating the struggle for public education in historical and political contexts. It also places the corporate-reform and grassroots movements in a social and economic framework, and it pays special attention to the urban youth who stand at the center of much of the policy debate on public education, considering the ways in which young people themselves express political agency through activism.     

从“自由电视台”看信息时代美舆论入侵策略

众所周知，美国已经垄断了很大一部分国际新闻话语权，其舆论宣传的触角早已辐射全球，那么，现在为何还要斥巨资设立专门覆盖中东22个国家的卫星电视台?用该电视台负责人的话说，是要向阿拉伯国家提供一个“观点全面和公正的”新闻平台。这无疑是美国对阿拉伯国家进行舆论渗透、文化入侵和攻心伐谋的战略武器，是美国推行整合中东、改造伊斯兰世界政策的重要宣传工具，是一场没有硝烟的战争。