Racial/Ethnic Minority Community College Students' Critical Consciousness and Social Cognitive Career Outcomes

A need exists to better understand how racial/ethnic minority students' critical consciousness development in response to marginalization may be involved in their educational and career development. We therefore examined the link between critical consciousness development and career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations among racial/ethnic minority community college students. Following social cognitive career theory's conceptual pillars, we developed a testable model integrating critical consciousness and social cognitive variables. This model was tested with 135 racially and ethnically diverse community college students. Data analysis included path analyses and tests of model fit using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that (a) higher critical agency is linked to higher career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations and (b) critical action and reflection have a bidirectional link and predict higher critical agency. Implications for research and practice aiming to close educational and career gaps among racial/ethnic minorities are discussed.     

Evaluating DISCOVER's Effectiveness in Enhancing College Students' Social Cognitive Career Development

College students (20 women, 14 men) seeking career counseling services at a university career center participated in this exploratory investigation. A 2 (DISCOVER treatment) × 2 (counseling treatment) research design was used to evaluate the individual and combined effects of DISCOVER (ACT, 1998) and counseling on participants' career decision‐making self‐efficacy and career decision‐making attributional style. Findings revealed a significant effect of the use of DISCOVER on participants' career decision‐making self‐efficacy and their sense of control over the career decision‐making process. Results are discussed regarding the implications for career counseling and ideas for further research in this domain.     

社会资本视角下的大学生职业发展教育

社会资本在大学生就业过程中起着举足轻重的作用,但大学生社会资本的开发与利用不足。职业发展教育有助于提升大学生的就业力和职业发展能力,而目前关于职业发展教育的理论研究与实践操作中并没有重视大学社会资本的开发与利用。因此,有必要在大学生职业发展教育中,引入社会资本理论,开展社会资本视角下的职业发展教育．创新大学生职业发展教育。     

大学生职业生涯发展辅导研究

高等教育大众化所带来的毕业生就业压力,使高校毕业生就业指导工作逐渐引起了人们的高度重视.现阶段我国高校就业指导只是侧重"成品包装"式的就业指导,缺乏"产品设计"式的职业生涯发展辅导.随着高等教育的发展,职业生涯发展辅导的优越性日益显现,用"职业生涯发展辅导"代替"就业指导"是大势所趋.新的模式可以实现社会需求最大满足、高校资源的充分利用、人的全面发展.     

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Career Goal Attainment

The purpose of this study was to examine barriers to and facilitators of career goals among college students in the framework of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackétt, 1994). Questionnaires were completed by 2,743 college freshmen. Chi‐square tests and MANOVA were used to analyze the data. The authors found gender and ethnic differences in perceptions of barriers to career goals. Differences were found by ethnicity, but not by gender, in perceptions of facilitators of career goals. The authors examined factors influencing career choice goals and specific barriers and facilitators. They discuss implications for career counselors.     

Evaluating Differences in College Students' Career Decision Making on the Basis of Disability Status

College students with and without disabilities (N = 121) completed measures of career decision-making self-efficacy (N. E. Betz, K. Klein, & K. M. Taylor, 1996) and career decision-making attributional style (D. A. Luzzo & A. Jenkins-Smith, 1998). Students with disabilities reported significantly lower levels of career decision-making self-efficacy and exhibited more of a pessimistic attributional style for career decision making than did their peers without disabilities. Results are discussed in the context of developing effective career counseling interventions for college students with disabilities.     

贫困生社交回避心理与肯定性团体训练

本研究采用调查分析的方法,证实了高校贫困生与非贫困生在社交回避及苦恼心理特征上存在统计学意义上的显著性差异,并应用肯定性团体训练模式对贫困生进行心理辅导,结果表明肯定性团体训练对于高校贫困生社交回避等负性心理特征具有积极的改善作用。     

Racism‐Related Stress and Ethnic Identity as Determinants of African American College Students' Career Aspirations

Drawing primarily on the construct of psychological buffer, the purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which racism‐related stress and ethnic identity are determinants of career aspirations. A total of 163 African American college students from a predominately White Midwestern university participated in the study. A moderation regression analysis was conducted. Results indicate that ethnic identity interacted with racism‐related stress (p= .04) to predict career aspirations. In other words, as racism‐related stress increases in the context of low identity development, career aspirations decrease. Conversely, as perceived racism increases in the context of high identity development, career aspirations increase. Implications for professionals and future research in the field of career counseling are discussed.     

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Problem Gambling among College Students

The college years are a formative period where the risk for development of problematic gambling is high. Research examining racial and ethnic differences in gambling behaviors has been limited and inconsistent. The aims of this study were to examine racial and ethnic differences in problem gambling among a large sample of college students. Undergraduates (N = 3058) from a large southern university completed an online screening questionnaire which included demographics, gambling frequency, gambling expenditure (i.e. money lost) in the previous 6 months, and the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Negative binomial regression results indicated that Asian participants gambled less frequently than participants who were Caucasian or Hispanic/Latino(a), but spent more money than participants who were African-American (AA)/Black or Hispanic/Latino(a). A significantly larger proportion of Asian students met probable pathological gambling criteria (SOGS 5+; 7.8 %) and at-risk gambling criteria (SOGS 3+; 16.3 %)) than Caucasian (5.2; 10.1 %), AA/Black (3.9; 10.2 %), or Hispanic/Latino(a) (3.6; 9.4 %) students. Additionally, a significantly larger proportion of Asian students endorsed problematic gambling indicators such as lying about losses, feeling guilty about gambling, feeling like they had a gambling problem, being criticized for their gambling, feeling like they couldn’t stop gambling, losing time from school or work due to gambling, having a family history of problem gambling, and arguing with close others about their gambling than Caucasian, AA/Black or Hispanic/Latino(a) students. Results suggest that Asian students may be a high-risk sub-group of college gamblers, and that there is a critical need for targeted interventions for this population.     

South Korean College Students' Holland Types and Career Compromise Processes

This study explored South Korean college students' career compromise processes and examined whether preferences for sex type, prestige, or interests would be differentiated by Holland theme interest types, gender, or college major. Participants were South Korean undergraduate students from 2 universities in Seoul, South Korea. They were asked to choose 1 occupation from each of 168 pairs of occupations using a forced‐choice format. A total of 376 surveys were analyzed. There were significant main effects for Holland interest types and for gender but not for college major on their career compromise processes. Implications for career counselors and researchers are discussed.     

Social Class Segregation within Ethnic Groups in Toronto*

La structure de classe a l'interieur des groupes ethniques n'a pas fait l'objet d'etudes particulieres dans les recherches ecologiques. Etant donne que pour les donnees du Recensement de 1961, nous disposons de renseignements speciaux, il nous a ete possible d'etudier les modeles de meme que les niveaux de la segregation residentielle en se basant sur les differences dans l'occupation et le revenu de groupes de Toronto choisis en fonction de leur langue maternelle et de leur milieu de naissance. On a decouvert que la segregation de classe chez les groupes ethniques est aussi prononcee qu'elle Test dans les communautes de noirs des villes americaines. Le niveau du revenu a tendance a separer les residents d'une maniere plus determinante encore que le niveau professionnel. Les patrons de segregation, a l'interieur de chacune des communautes, s'inserent d'une maniere coherente dans un modele concentrique (pour evaluer la distance du centre de la ville). Social class segregation within ethnic groups has been neglected in ecological research. With the availability of 1961 special-run census data, it was possible to analyse the extent and pattern of residential segregation based on occupation and income differences for selected mother-tongue and birthplace groups in Toronto. It was found that social class segregation within ethnic groups is as high as that found within Negro communities of American cities. Income tends to sort out residents to a greater degree than does occupation and the pattern of segregation within each community is consistent with the distance (concentric) model.     

Career Adaptability and Social Support Among Graduating College Seniors

Previous research has highlighted the employment needs of recent college graduates, focusing on the specific challenges members of this group encounter as they transition into the workforce. This study examined graduating seniors (N = 164) during their senior year of college as they transitioned to the workforce, investigating career adaptability and social support. Results from multiple regression analyses found that the concern resource of career adaptability was significantly predicted by social support. Implications and future directions are highlighted.     

Religion,Race, Social Class,and Gender Differences in Dating and Hooking Up among College Students

Students at a mid-size state university in the Southeast were surveyed to examine religion, race, social class, and gender differences in dating and hooking up. Our analyses revealed that dating and hooking up coexist on campus and most students defined hooking up as a sexual encounter. Race impacted dating but the other demographics, social class and gender were not significant for either dating or hooking up. Conservative Protestants hooked up less than Catholics and other Protestants. Seniors have dated and hooked up more than other students, especially freshmen. How students define hooking up impacts their probability of hooking up and their feelings after hooking up also have an effect.     

职业成熟度研究对大学生生涯辅导的启示

Super最先提出了职业成熟度的概念．作为描述不同年龄学生的生涯发展阶段以及他们作出职业选择的准备状况。本文以此作为重要的切入点,介绍职业成熟度的内涵和研究成果,并论述了其对大学生生涯辅导的三点启示：生涯辅导应多种形式并存、生涯辅导课程要有针对性、加强生涯评估工作。     

大学生职业生涯规划教育探讨

当前我国大学生就业形势日趋严峻,对大学生开展职业生涯规划教育显得尤为迫切。本文试图从对大学生进行职业生涯规划教育的意义入手,并对当前大学生职业生涯规划教育的现状进行原因分析．进而提出成立专门的大学生职业生涯规划教育机构与咨询机构、加快高校大学生职业生涯规划课程建设、加强高校职业生涯规划教育队伍建设、在具体操作中实施全程分级式指导、把职业生涯规划与大学生自主创业结合起来和主动谋求社会资源的支持等对策建议。     

社会资本与女大学生自主创业

社会资本理论是分析研究女大学生创业难问题的独特视角。当前,女大学生自主创业面临的主要问题来源于其社会性别身份造成的社会认可度低、创领域与行业结构化以及自主创业意识与主动精神淡薄等方面,社会资本理论为解决上述问题提供了理论上的可能性,这是由社会资本的社会性特征与女大学生的群体性特征、社会资本的投入性特征与女大学生自主创业的条件性特征共同决定的。在社会资本理论下,女大学生应增强社会资本积累的主动意识,在构建社会关系中积累社会资本,在社团活动中拓展增值社会资本,高校也应当积极作为,为女大学生创业者与高校社会资本的深度融合创造条件。     

大学生宗教信仰问题的马克思主义社会观分析

受改革开放后宗教热的影响,大学生出现信仰宗教现象,并且呈现逐年增多的态势。当代大学生有什么样的信仰,以及信仰的程度,不仅关系到大学生自身的成才成功,而且关系到马克思主义的指导地位和社会主义的兴亡成败。因此,引导大学生建立正确的理想信念就显得极其重要。结合马克思主义社会观的相关知识,探寻这种宗教现象的起因,并就高校思想政治教育提出切实可行的建议,特别是要教育广大青年学生正确认识社会主义条件下的宗教现象,引导他们坚持共产主义信仰。