中国老年人主观幸福感研究:缘起、现状与方向

文章对国内三十年来关于老年人主观幸福感研究的成果进行了系统的梳理。首先梳理了老年人主观幸福感研究的测量、研究领域、研究对象、数据来源和研究方法;接着重点梳理了主观幸福感的影响因素,主要包括人口学因素、社会因素、子女因素、经济因素、人格因素及其他因素等;最后指出已有研究的不足及未来研究应加强的几个方面。本研究旨在对以往研究进行梳理和评述,以期对后续深入研究提供借鉴。     

中国老年健康研究评述以及展望

本文重点围绕改革开放以来中国老年健康研究中涉及到的概念、测量手段、数据来源、研究热点问题以及研究方法等方面进行了系统、全面地回顾和评述,指出了我国老年健康研究的特点,并展望了其未来走向。     

民族地区的生态移民效应分析——以内蒙古阿拉善移民为例

以生态经济学和社会学理论为基础,运用理论思辩和质的研究方法,研究了民族地区的生态移民效应问题。通过对阿拉善孪井滩的实证研究表明,阿拉善移民取得了保护生态、反贫困、促进民族团结和经济社会发展等方面的良性效应,同时,也产生了一系列的负效应,包括生态退化、社会文明危机等。本文的研究对正在广泛的民族地区进行的生态移民有一定的启示作用。     

数据革命与人口研究新视野

数字时代,互联网的传播和人工智能技术的快速发展改变了数据的生产和使用方式,促进了可用数据的爆炸式增长,在社会科学领域掀起了一场数据革命,迎来了从设计数据（过去）到痕迹数据（现在）再到生成性数据（未来）的发展变迁。痕迹数据包括电子存档数据、设备感知数据和网络平台数据,相较传统的设计数据在时效、规模、范围和成本上的优势为人口研究的拓展和创新带来了巨大潜力。在研究内容上,痕迹数据通过强化流动性测量、收集人口行为背景、捕捉特定研究对象,极大地推动了人口的迁移流动研究,并为微观的人口过程分析提供了丰富洞见。在研究思路上,痕迹数据从时间尺度改变了人口动态的分析单位,空间维度打破了传统人地分离的研究瓶颈,方法上要求促进不同来源类型数据的结合提升研究效度,应用中推进了人口与社会动态的实时监测与预警,为循证决策提供了及时有效的研究支撑。新时代,对痕迹数据的挖掘需要充分发挥数据想象力,加快对前沿计算方法的掌握和跨学科合作的形成,建立现代化的数据生态系统以实现数据的开放、共享和使用。     

我国体面劳动研究的最新发展北大核心CSSCI

体面劳动(decent work)的概念自1999年问世以来受到了国内学者的极大关注。本文检索了2009年至2012年9月在国内公开发表的以"体面劳动"为关键词的研究论文和著作,并对这些研究进行了分析、梳理,认为近期的研究具有视角多元化、群体广覆盖和实证研究取得突破性进展三个特点,最后做出了简要述评和展望。     

中国城镇居民低收入群体研究综述

近年来,中国城镇居民中的低收入群体问题成为理论界研究的热点。文章从城镇低收入群体的规模、生存状况、成因和治理对策等多个方面对这一领域内的研究进行了回顾和评论,并提出了进一步研究的方向。     

我国性别偏好研究的回顾与展望

通过对检索文献的分析，从性别偏好的原因、表现、衡量、后果和解决措施等几个方面对我国学者近年来就性别偏好研究得出的成果进行了综述，指出了研究的薄弱环节和方面，并对未来研究做出展望。     

中国农民工研究的四种范式及评析——作为移民、准市民、工人和劳动者的农民工

中国农民工数量的持续增加也使得相关研究与日俱增。但是,由于农民工现象的复杂性,研究者从不同的角度和侧面对这一现象进行了界定和分析,并使得农民工研究不够全面。为了理解这些研究并为未来研究提供参考,本文从对农民工的界定出发,区分出当前农民工研究的四种主要范式:移民范式、城市化范式、阶级形成范式和劳动体制范式。虽然它们所研究的问题和所使用的概念存在交叉重合,但是这四种范式在根本上对农民工进行了不同的界定。它们分别将农民农界定为"移民"、"准市民"、"工人"和"劳动力"。进而,它们关注了不同的核心问题,采用了不同的概念框架。不过,四种范式并不是相互排斥的。这也为未来更综合的研究提供了基础。尤其是,虽然劳动体制范式还没有成为一种成熟的农民工研究范式,但是劳动体制范式可以综合性地对农民工现象所涉及的制度、政策、行为、动机、态度和行为进行客观分析,从而揭示农民工群体的长期存在和不断增加,进而为城市化和阶级形成等问题提供更坚实的基础。     

近年来我国人口迁移研究的研究设计与数据特点

从人口迁移研究的研究设计和数据特点出发 ,本文对人口迁移研究的数据类型和我国近年来人口研究的数据特点进行了总结和讨论。在此基础上提出我国人口迁移研究应当加强对流出地、非迁移人口和长期数据的搜集 ,以及对人口迁移的各方面影响的研究     

人口环境迁移的国内外研究进展

自然环境在人口迁移中起到了不可忽视的作用,因此,研究人口环境迁移不仅是对人口迁移理论与应用研究视角的拓展,也是切合当今生态文明建设的主题和发展方向.本文在梳理有关人口环境迁移相关概念的基础上,简述了有关人口环境迁移研究的发展阶段,重点论述了"环境迁移的简单模型""、环境变化类型驱动迁移模型"、"多要素驱动迁移概念模型"、"人口环境迁移倾向效应模型"等有关环境迁移研究的四种分析框架.针对目前有关人口环境迁移研究的现状,展望了今后人口环境迁移需要进一步研究的问题,并指出在理论与方法层面更应注重定量的研究方法和跨学科的交叉研究.     

Gründe und Formen der freiwilligen Nichtnutzung des Internets

This article examines the voluntary and conscious non-usage of the internet by youth and young adults. The study is based on the conceptual framework of de-mediatization. 30 qualitative interviews and a qualitative content analysis have been conducted to identify deficits and disadvantages in the context of everyday internet usage. Eight distinct sets of problems have been found. Furthermore, strategies users develop to handle those problems were investigated. They can be distinguished into strategies of adjusted continued usage and strategies of voluntary partial non-usage. Those complexes of problems that lead to strategies of voluntary self-restraint are the basis for five potential types of boundaries of online communication.     

Popweaver: a program for interpolation and visualization of census and other sparsely collected data

Demographic data is essential to inform socio-economic, epidemiological and other time series analyses. However, demographic data based on interpolations performed on census surveys spaced several years apart often bear severe quality problems, which propagate into studies that make use of those datasets. We present Popweaver, a user-friendly and free software that allows users to interpolate demographic data (stratified by age, geography, socio-economics, and other layers), visually inspect them, and generate ready-to-submit figures and three-dimensional spreadsheets with the results for further analyses. We illustrate the use of Popweaver with census data (1980, 1991, 2000, 2010) from Brazil, and its potential to reveal important demographic trends.     

Does Internet Connectedness Disconnect Marriage? A Micro Empirical Analysis

Social Indicators Research - This study explores the relationship between internet use during non-working hours and marriage well-being and channels through which internet use operates on marital...     

Can Well-Being be Measured Using Facebook Status Updates? Validation of Facebook’s Gross National Happiness Index

Facebook’s Gross National Happiness (FGNH) indexes the positive and negative words used in the millions of status updates submitted daily by Facebook users. FGNH has face validity: it shows a weekly cycle and increases on national holidays. Also, happier individuals use more positive words and fewer negative words in their status updates (Kramer 2010). We examined the validity of FGNH in measuring mood and well-being by comparing it with scores on Diener’s Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), administered to an average of 34 Facebook users every day for a year, then aggregated by day, week, month, quarter and half year. FGNH and SWLS were not significantly correlated, with a negative correlation coefficient. Also, aggregated SWLS scores showed a positive relationship with numbers of negative words in status updates. We conclude that FGNH is a valid measure for neither mood nor well-being; however, it may play a role in mood regulation. This challenges the assumption that linguistic analysis of internet messages is related to underlying psychological states.     

An analysis of online pregnancy message boards: Mother-to-mother advice on medication use

Problem and backgroundPsychotropic medication use is increasingly common among pregnant women. Many women solicit information from other mothers about the safety of these medications for use during pregnancy, yet little is known about the specific advice they receive.AimThe purpose of the current study was to examine the type of feedback women receive on a popular internet message board about psychotropic medication use during pregnancy.MethodsA modified Consensual Qualitative Research approach was used to analyze 1728 comments posted by Babycenter.com users about the safety of the use of six common psychotropic medications during pregnancy. Researchers analyzed the comments for overall themes and core ideas.FindingsResults found that comments were comprised of six themes: (1) Personal Anecdotes, (2) Suggesting Alternative Solutions, (3) Directives, (4) Judgement, (5) Social Support, (6) Skepticism & Mistrust, and (7) Risks vs. Benefits. While many comments conveyed emotional support, or encouraged women to seek professional advice, others contained inaccurate and/or contradictory information, or harsh criticism.ConclusionGiven that the decision about the use of medication during pregnancy has implications for the health of the mother and fetus, it is important for care providers to be aware of what feedback women may receive from this source. Providers should address questions and concerns that women have about safety of these medications and recognize how the social context of the internet impacts the emotional health of pregnant women faced with these decisions.     

研究与人口变量有关的健康问题是新世纪深化人口研究的必然趋势

许多人口现象如生育、死亡、寿命、年龄、性别等都是以人口的生物属性为自然基础的。因此人口变量必然与健康问题密切相关。伴随社会进步与社会实践的深入 ,人们对人口变量的认识也正不断深化与拓展。人口科学必须要研究与人口变量有关的健康问题 ,才能透视人口现象的来拢去脉、前因后果 ,才能摸清和掌握人口变化的规律。因此 ,通过多学科的相互合作与互相渗透 ,研究与人口变量有关的健康问题是新世纪深化人口研究的必然趋势 ,也是2 1世纪人口科学研究的亮点之一     

Women’s Well-Being in Iran: Territorial Analysis Using a Multidimensional Approach

This paper employs a multidimensional index for assessing women’s well-being in Iranian provinces using demographic and health survey macro data. Besides economic status as a traditional dimension for objective well-being, other factors such as health, education, risk, and technology as well as self-reported life satisfaction and happiness (psychological well-being) have been included as non-material well-being dimensions. We found that the values of women’s well-being are distributed unequally across the provinces. Southern provinces demonstrate the worst performances and central provinces have the best. Generally, Iranian women are in poor condition in terms of economic variables (e.g. income and participation in the job market), psychological well-being (life satisfaction), HIV literacy, use of the internet, and access to mass media. On the other hand, in recent years, they have made significant progress in education (such as the rate of literacy, high school degree), and health (safe pregnancy care and nutritional supplements).     

The demographic evolution of human populations: The role of selection and environmental factors

Selection (genetic and cultural) and environmental variation are the principal mechanisms determining patterns of demographic change in human populations. Conditions exist under which the nature and intensity of these forces can be inferred from temporal trends in the demographic variables. These conditions, which can be expressed in terms of relations between the Malthusian parameter and population entropy, provide a means for evaluating the effect of selective and nonselective factors on demographic trends in human populations. The distinction between the roles of selection and environmental factors is illustrated by a study of the demographic transition in Sweden (1778-1965). This study shows that demographic changes during the pre- and posttransitional phases are determined mainly by environmental factors, whereas the changes during the transitional phase are mainly due to cultural selection. This analysis provides, for all three phases of the demographic transition, quantitative measures of the intensity of the forces (selective and nonselective) acting on both mortality and fecundity distributions.     

The growing American Indian population, 1960–1990: Beyond demography

Since 1960, the Native American population has exhibited explosive growth, increasing from 552,000 to 1,959,000, or 255 percent. The average annual growth rate of 4.3 percent, extending over a 30-year period, is demographically impossible without immigration – in fact, of the 1.4 million growth only 762,000 comes from natural increase, whereas 645,000 comes from non-demographic factors. This paper expands on previous work to illustrate with demographic techniques how such extraordinary growth was achieved through changing patterns of racial self-identification on the part of people with only partial or distant American Indian ancestry, coupled with relatively high fertility and improving mortality. It also provides some basic demographic background on the size, growth, and geographic structure of the American Indian population, while exploring both demographic and geographic underpinnings of the changing population. Data on race from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Censuses are based on self-identification. A person choosing the American Indian racial response does not have to provide any substantiation or documentation. While this method aids overall census taking by permitting respondents to fill out their own census forms, self-identification adds a temporal component to the data because responses elicited from the same individual (or group of individuals) may change over time in reaction to social, political, or economic conditions or variations in question wording. New identities may emerge or old ones may disappear. This effect has had a noteworthy impact on data for American Indians. Analysts and other data users must be aware of underlying response patterns to interpret changes correctly.